In this paper, a consistent model of the multifrequency emission of the starburst galaxy M82, from radio to gamma-rays is presented and discussed. Predictions for observations with Fermi, MAGIC II/VERITAS and CTA telescopes are made. The model is also used to self-consistenty compute the (all flavors) emission of neutrinos resulting from this starburst galaxy, what can be used in considerations of the diffuse contributions of such objects.
Post-starburst (or "E+A") galaxies trace the fastest and most dramatic processes in galaxy evolution. Recent work studying the evolution of galaxies through this phase have revealed insights on how galaxies undergo structural and stellar population changes as well as the role of various feedback mechanisms. In this review, I summarize recent work on identifying post-starburst galaxies; tracing the role of this phase through cosmic time; measuring stellar populations, on-going star formation, morphologies, kinematics, interstellar medium properties, and AGN activity; mechanisms to cause the rec…
We present the Heraklion Extragalactic Catalogue, or HECATE, an all-sky value-added galaxy catalogue, aiming to facilitate present and future multi-wavelength and multi-messenger studies in the local Universe. It contains 204,733 galaxies up to a redshift of 0.047 (D<200 Mpc), and it is >50% complete in terms of the B-band luminosity density at distances in the 0-170 Mpc range. By incorporating and homogenising data from astronomical databases and multi-wavelength surveys, the catalogue offers positions, sizes, distances, morphological classifications, star-formation rates, stellar masses, met…
We have modelled the stellar and nebular continua and emission-line intensity ratios of massive stellar populations in the Antennae galaxy using high resolution and self-consistent libraries of model HII regions around central clusters of aging stars. The model libraries are constructed using the stellar population synthesis code, Starburst99, and photoionisation model, Cloudy. The Geneva and PARSEC stellar evolutionary models are plugged into Starburst99 to allow comparison between the two models. Using a spectrum-fitting methodology that allows the spectral features in the stellar and nebula…
Post starburst E+A galaxies are thought to have experienced a significant starburst that was quenched abruptly. Their disturbed, bulge-dominated morphologies suggest that they are merger remnants. We present ESI/Keck observations of SDSS J132401.63+454620.6, a post starburst galaxy at redshift z = 0.125, with a starburst that started 400 Myr ago, and other properties, like star formation rate (SFR) consistent with what is measured in ultra luminous infrared galaxies (ULRIGs). The galaxy shows both zero velocity narrow lines, and blueshifted broader Balmer and forbidden emission lines (FWHM=135…
The correspondence between galaxy major mergers and starburst activity is well-established observationally and in simulations of low redshift galaxies. However, the evolution of the properties of interactions and of the galaxies involved suggests that the starburst response of galaxies to merger events could vary across cosmic time. Using the VINTERGATAN cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy, we show here that starbursts, i.e. episodes of fast star formation, are connected with the onset of tidal compression, itself induced by mergers. However, this compression becomes str…
We present the analysis of the Unidentified Infrared Bands (UIB) in the starburst galaxy NGC 1097. We have combined spectral maps observed with the AKARI/IRC and Spitzer/IRS instruments, in order to study all of the most prominent UIBs, from 3 to 20 micron. Such a complete spectral coverage is crucial to remove the common degeneracies between the effects of the variations of the size distribution and of the charge state of the grains. By studying several UIB ratios, we show evidence that the average size of the UIB carriers is larger in the central region than in the circumnuclear ring. We int…
A Possible Protocluster of Galaxies Serendipitously Discovered in the Field of an Intermediate-Redshift Post-starburst Galaxy
Texas A&M University（德州农工大学）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；Rochester Institute of Technology（罗切斯特理工学院）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；University of Colorado, Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）
We study the relation between stellar mass (M*) and star formation rate (SFR) for star-forming galaxies over approximately five decades in stellar mass (5.5 <~ log10(M*/Msun) <~ 10.5) at z ~ 3-6.5. This unprecedented coverage has been possible thanks to the joint analysis of blank non-lensed fields (COSMOS/SMUVS) and cluster lensing fields (Hubble Frontier Fields) which allow us to reach very low stellar masses. Previous works have revealed the existence of a clear bimodality in the SFR-M* plane with a star-formation Main Sequence and a starburst cloud at z ~ 4-5. Here we show that this bimoda…
Using high-resolution, multiple-passband Hubble Space Telescope images spanning the entire optical/near-infrared wavelength range, we obtained a statistically complete sample, $U$-band selected sample of 846 extended star clusters across the disk of the nearby starburst galaxy M82. Based on careful analysis of their spectral energy distributions, we determined their galaxy-wide age and mass distributions. The M82 clusters exhibit three clear peaks in their age distribution, thus defining a relatively young, log(t/yr) < 7.5, an intermediate-age, log(t/yr) $\in$ [7.5, 8.5], and an old sample, lo…
We develop a new method to infer the temporal, geometric, and energetic properties of galaxy outflows, by combining stellar spectral modeling to infer starburst ages, and absorption lines to measure velocities. If winds are accelerated with time during a starburst event, then these two measurements enable us to solve for the wind radius, similarly to length scales and the Hubble parameter in Big Bang cosmology. This wind radius is the vital, but hard-to-constrain parameter in wind physics. We demonstrate the method using spectra of 87 starburst galaxies at z=0.05-0.44, finding that winds accel…
We study the shape and evolution of the star formation main sequence in three independently developed semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. We focus, in particular, on the characterization of the model galaxies that are significantly above the main sequence, and that can be identified with galaxies classified as `starburst' in recent observational work. We find that, in all three models considered, star formation triggered by merger events (both minor and major) contribute to only a very small fraction of the cosmic density of star formation. While mergers are associated to bursts of star …
X-ray radiation from accreting compact objects is an important part of stellar feedback. The metal-poor galaxy ESO 338-4 has experienced vigorous starburst during the last 40 Myr and contains some of the most massive super star clusters in the nearby Universe. Given its starburst age and its star-formation rate, ESO 338-4 is one of the most efficient nearby manufactures of neutron stars and black holes, hence providing an excellent laboratory for feedback studies. We compared X-ray images and spectra obtained by XMM-Newton and Chandra telescopes with integral field spectroscopic VLT MUSE obser…
Green Pea galaxies are low-redshift starburst dwarf galaxies, with properties similar to those of the high-redshift galaxies that reionized the Universe. We report the first mapping of the spatial distribution of atomic hydrogen (HI) in and around a Green Pea, GP J0213+0056 at z=0.0399, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). Like many Green Peas, GP J0213+0056 shows strong HI 21 cm emission in single-dish spectroscopy, strong Ly-alpha emission, and a high [OIII]$λ$5007/[OIII]$λ$3727 luminosity ratio, O32 $\approx$ 8.8, consistent with a high leakage of Lyman-continuum radiation. Our…
Post starburst E+A galaxies show indications of a powerful starburst that was quenched abruptly. Their disturbed, bulge-dominated morphologies suggest that they are merger remnants. The more massive E+A galaxies are suggested to be quenched by AGN feedback, yet little is known about AGN-driven winds in this short-lived phase. We present spatially-resolved IFU spectroscopy by the Keck Cosmic Web Imager of SDSS J003443.68+251020.9, at z=0.118. The system consists of two galaxies, the larger of which is a post starburst E+A galaxy hosting an AGN. Our modelling suggests a 400 Myrs starburst, with …
We present the evolution of dust and molecular gas properties in a sample of 11 $z\sim0.03$ starburst to post-starburst (PSB) galaxies selected to span an age sequence from ongoing starburst to 1 Gyr after the starburst ended. All PSBs harbour significant molecular gas and dust reservoirs and residual star formation, indicating that complete quenching of the starburst due to exhaustion or expulsion of gas has not occurred during this timespan. As the starburst ages, we observe a clear decrease in the star-formation efficiency, molecular gas and SFR surface density, and effective dust temperatu…
Galactic winds are essential to regulation of star formation in galaxies. To study the distribution and dynamics of molecular gas in a wind, we imaged the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 1482 in CO ($J=1\rightarrow0$) at a resolution of 1'' ($\approx100$ pc) using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Molecular gas is detected in a nearly edge-on disk with a radius of 3 kpc and a biconical outflow emerging from the central 1 kpc starburst and extending to at least 1.5 kpc perpendicular to the disk. In the outflow, CO gas is distributed approximately as a cylindrically symmetrical envel…
We report the discovery of a high-redshift, massive molecular outflow in the starburst galaxy SPT0346-52 ($z=5.656$) via the detected absorption of high-excitation water transitions (H$_2$O $4_{2,3}-4_{1,4}$ and H$_2$O $3_{3,0}-3_{2,1}$) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The host galaxy is one of the most powerful starburst galaxies at high redshift (star formation rate; SFR $\sim3,600$M$_\odot$year$^{-1}$), with an extremely compact ($\sim320$pc) star formation region and a star formation rate surface density ($Σ_{SFR}\sim5,500$M$_{\odot}~$year$^{-1}~$kpc$^{-2}$) f…
We performed deep spectropolarimetric observations of a prototypical starburst galaxy M82 with the Subaru Telescope in order to study the kinematics of the dust outflow. We obtained optical polarized emission-line spectra up to $\sim$4~kpc away from the nucleus of the galaxy along three position angles within the conical outflowing wind (superwind). The H$α$ emission line in the superwind is strongly polarized and the polarization pattern shows dust scattering of central light sources, being consistent with the previous works. The intensity weighted polarization degree of the H$α$ line reaches…
We mapped 3 mm continuum and line emission from the starburst galaxy M82 using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy. We targeted the HCN, HCO$^{+}$, HNC, CS and HC$_{3}$N lines, but here we focus on the HCN and HCO$^{+}$ emission. The map covers a field of 1.2' with a ~5" resolution. The HCN and HCO$^{+}$ observations are combined with single dish images. The molecular gas in M82 had been previously found to be distributed in a molecular disk, coincident with the central starburst, and a galactic scale outflow which originates in the central starburst. With the new shor…
We report the detection of 23 OH+(1-0) absorption, emission, or P-Cygni-shaped lines and CO(9-8) emission lines in 18 Herschel-selected z=2-6 starburst galaxies with ALMA and NOEMA, taken as part of the Gas And Dust Over cosmic Time (GADOT) Galaxy Survey. We find that the CO(9-8) luminosity is higher than expected based on the far-infrared luminosity when compared to nearby star-forming galaxies. Together with the strength of the OH+ emission components, this may suggest that shock excitation of warm, dense molecular gas is more prevalent in distant massive dusty starbursts than in nearby star…
The Universe's largest galaxy clusters likely built the majority of their massive $>10^{11} M_\odot$ galaxies in simultaneous, short-lived bursts of activity well before virialization. This conclusion is reached from emerging datasets on $z>2$ proto-clusters and the characteristics of their member galaxies, in particular, rare starbursts and ultraluminous active galactic nuclei (AGN). The most challenging observational hurdle in identifying such structures is their very large volumes, $\sim10^{4}$ comoving Mpc$^3$ at $z>2$, subtending areas $\sim$half a degree on the sky. Thus the contrast aff…
Post-starburst galaxies are crucial to disentangling the effect of star formation and quenching on galaxy demographics. They comprise, however, a heterogeneous population of objects, described in numerous ways. To obtain a well-defined and uncontaminated sample, we take advantage of spatially resolved spectroscopy to construct an unambiguous sample of E + A galaxies - post-starburst systems with no observed ongoing star formation. Using data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) Survey, in the fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV), we have i…
We present high-spatial-resolution ($\sim 0\farcs2$, or $\sim$3\,pc) CO(2--1) observations of the nearest young starburst dwarf galaxy, NGC\,5253, taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We have identified 118 molecular clouds with average values of 4.3\,pc in radius and 2.2\,\kms\, in velocity dispersion, which comprise the molecular cloud complexes observed previously with $\sim$100\,pc resolution. We derive for the first time in this galaxy the $I{\rm (CO)}$--$N$(H$_2$) conversion factor, $X$ = $4.1^{+5.9}_{-2.4}\times10^{20}$\,cm$^{-2}$(K\,\kms)$^{-1}$, based on the vi…
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of CO lines and dust continuum emission of the source RCSGA 032727--132609, a young $z=1.7$ low-metallicity starburst galaxy. The CO(3-2) and CO(6-5) lines, and continuum at rest-frame $450\,μm$ are detected and show a resolved structure in the image plane. We use the corresponding lensing model to obtain a source plane reconstruction of the detected emissions revealing intrinsic flux density of $S_{450\,μm}=23.5_{-8.1}^{+26.8}$ $μ$Jy and intrinsic CO luminosities $L'_{\rm CO(3-2)}=2.90_{-0.23}^{+0.21}\times10^{8}$ ${\rm K\,k…
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of 12CO(1-0) and 12CO(2-1) in the central 40" (680 pc) of the nuclear starburst galaxy NGC 253, including its molecular outflow. We measure the ratio of brightness temperature for CO(2-1)/CO(1-0), r_21, in the central starburst and outflow-related features. We discuss how r_21 can be used to constrain the optical depth of the CO emission, which impacts the inferred mass of the outflow and consequently the molecular mass outflow rate. We find r_21 less than or equal to 1 throughout, consistent with a majority of the CO …
We investigate the spiral galaxy NGC 5394, which is strongly interacting with the larger spiral NGC 5395 (the pair is Arp 84), using optical integral-field spectroscopy from the CALIFA survey. Spatially-resolved equivalent-widths, emission-line ratios and kinematics reveal many features related to the interaction, which has reshaped the galaxy. $\rm Hα$ maps (with other diagnostic emission lines) show a concentrated central ($r<1$ kpc) starburst and three less luminous star-forming regions (one knot far out in the northern arm), and we estimate the dust-corrected total star-formation rate as 3…
We present a detailed study of a molecular outflow feature in the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 using ALMA. We find that this feature is clearly associated with the edge of NGC 253's prominent ionized outflow, has a projected length of ~300 pc, with a width of ~50 pc and a velocity dispersion of ~40 km s^-1, consistent with an ejection from the disk about 1 Myr ago. The kinematics of the molecular gas in this feature can be interpreted (albeit not uniquely) as accelerating at a rate of 1 km s^-1 pc^-1. In this scenario, the gas is approaching escape velocity at the last measured point. Strik…
Sparks II: Panchromatic SED modeling and galaxy physical properties across the starburst to post-starburst sequence
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University（斯坦福大学卡弗里粒子天体物理与宇宙学研究所）；Center for Decoding the Universe, Stanford University（斯坦福大学解码宇宙中心）；Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University（普林斯顿大学天体物理科学系）；Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校天文与天体物理系）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU)（宇宙物理与数学卡弗里研究所）；Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台科学部）；Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik（马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所）
We present MUSE integral field spectroscopic observations of the host galaxy (PGC 043234) of one of the closest ($z=0.0206$, $D\simeq 90$ Mpc) and best-studied tidal disruption events (TDE), ASASSN-14li. The MUSE integral field data reveal asymmetric and filamentary structures that extend up to $\gtrsim 10$ kpc from the post-starburst host galaxy of ASASSN-14li. The structures are traced only through the strong nebular [O III] $λ$5007, [N II] $λ$6584, and H$α$ emission lines. The total off nuclear [O III] $λ$5007 luminosity is luminosity is $4.7\times 10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and the ionized H ma…
We present a photometric analysis of star and star cluster (SC) formation in a high-resolution simulation of a dwarf galaxy starburst that allows the formation of individual stars to be followed. Previous work demonstrated that the properties of the SCs formed in the simulation are in good agreement with observations. In this paper, we create mock spectral energy distributions and broad-band photometric images using the radiative transfer code SKIRT 9. We test several observational star formation rate (SFR) tracers and find that $24$ $μ$m, total infrared and H$α$ trace the underlying SFR durin…
We report the serendipitous discovery of a dusty, starbursting galaxy at $z=5.667$ (hereafter called CRLE) in close physical association with the "normal" main-sequence galaxy HZ10 at $z=5.654$. CRLE was identified by detection of [CII], [NII] and CO(2-1) line emission, making it the highest redshift, most luminous starburst in the COSMOS field. This massive, dusty galaxy appears to be forming stars at a rate of at least 1500$\,M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ in a compact region only $\sim3$ kpc in diameter. The dynamical and dust emission properties of CRLE suggest an ongoing merger driving the starburst,…
NGC 253 is a nearby starburst galaxy in the Sculptor group located at a distance of 3.5 Mpc that has been suggested by some authors as a potential site for cosmic-ray acceleration up to ultra-high energies. Its nuclear region is heavily obscured by gas and dust, which prevents establishing whether or not the galaxy harbours a supermassive black hole coexisting with the starburst. Some sources have been proposed in the literature as candidates for an active nucleus. In this work, we aim at determining the implications that the presence of a supermassive black hole at the nucleus of NGC 253 migh…
The Cosmic Owl: Twin Active Collisional Ring Galaxies with Starburst Merging Front at $z=1.14$
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；National Radio Astronomy Observatory（国家射电天文台）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI)（宇宙物理与数学研究 Kavli 研究所（WPI））；Center for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS（数据驱动发现中心，Kavli IPMU（WPI），UTIAS）；Aix Marseille Univ.（艾克斯马赛大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；CNES（法国国家空间研究中心）；LAM（拉格朗日天体物理学实验室）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）
X-ray stellar feedback in low-metallicity starbursts: Insights from the template starburst galaxy ESO 338-IG04 and its halo
Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam（波茨坦大学物理与天文学研究所）；Department of Physics, University of Arkansas（阿肯色大学物理系）；Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas（阿肯色大学阿肯色空间与行星科学中心）；Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学奥斯卡·克莱因中心天文学系）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA–CSIC（西班牙国家航空航天技术研究所-西班牙国家科学研究委员会天体生物学中心）；Department of Astronomy, U. Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校天文学系）；ESA, ESAC（欧洲空间局欧洲空间应用与技术中心）
通过研究低金属licity恒星burst星系ESO 338-IG04，发现X射线源对电离光子预算的影响，并预测He II λ4686发射的亮度。
The purported spiral host galaxy of GRB 020819B at z=0.41 has been seminal in establishing our view of the diversity of long-duration gamma-ray burst environments: optical spectroscopy of this host provided evidence that GRBs can form even at high metallicities, while millimetric observations suggested that GRBs may preferentially form in regions with minimal molecular gas. We report new observations from VLT (MUSE and X-shooter) which demonstrate that the purported host is an unrelated foreground galaxy. The probable radio afterglow is coincident with a compact, highly star-forming, dusty gal…
