多样性和网络一致性作为跨学科的指标：生物纳米科学的案例研究
Diversity and network coherence as indicators of interdisciplinarity: Case studies in bionanoscience
摘要：
跨学科的多维度特征和与学科分类的内在冲突使其映射和评估成为一项具有挑战性的任务。我们提出了一个概念框架，旨在通过探索多样性和一致性的概念，在更广泛的意义上的知识整合，捕捉跨学科。学科多样性指标的制定是为了描述从预定义的类别来看的文献计量学集合的异质性，即使用自上而下的方法，在全球科学地图上定位集合。网络一致性指标的构建是为了衡量一套文献计量学中相似关系的强度，即采用自下而上的方法，揭示出版物网络的结构一致性。我们在生物纳米科学的个别文章进行案例研究，以说明这两个角度如何识别不同方面的跨学科性：学科多样性表明大规模的出版物的知识基础的广度;网络一致性反映了其知识整合的新颖性。我们认为，这两种方法的结合可能是有用的新兴科学和技术领域的比较研究，新的和有争议的分类伴随着同样有争议的新颖性和跨学科的索赔。
英文摘要：
The multidimensional character and inherent conflict with categorisation of interdisciplinarity makes its mapping and evaluation a challenging task. We propose a conceptual framework that aims to capture interdisciplinarity in the wider sense of knowledge integration, by exploring the concepts of diversity and coherence. Disciplinary diversity indicators are developed to describe the heterogeneity of a bibliometric set viewed from predefined categories, i.e. using a top-down approach that locates the set on the global map of science. Network coherence indicators are constructed to measure the intensity of similarity relations within a bibliometric set, i.e. using a bottom-up approach, which reveals the structural consistency of the publications network. We carry out case studies on individual articles in bionanoscience to illustrate how these two perspectives identify different aspects of interdisciplinarity: disciplinary diversity indicates the large-scale breadth of the knowledge base of a publication; network coherence reflects the novelty of its knowledge integration. We suggest that the combination of these two approaches may be useful for comparative studies of emergent scientific and technological fields, where new and controversial categorisations are accompanied by equally contested claims of novelty and interdisciplinarity.
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