A skew meadow is a non-commutative ring with an inverse operator satisfying two special equations and in which the inverse of zero is zero. All skew fields and products of skew fields can be viewed as skew meadows. Conversely, we give an embedding of non-trivial skew meadows into products of skew fields, from which a completeness result for the equational logic of skew fields is derived. The relationship between regularity conditions on rings and skew meadows is investigated.
The rational, real and complex numbers with their standard operations, including division, are partial algebras specified by the axiomatic concept of a field. Since the class of fields cannot be defined by equations, the theory of equational specifications of data types cannot use field theory in applications to number systems based upon rational, real and complex numbers. We study a new axiomatic concept for number systems with division that uses only equations: a meadow is a commutative ring with a total inverse operator satisfying two equations which imply that the inverse of zero is zero. …
A \emph{meadow} is a commutative ring with an inverse operator satisfying $0^{-1}=0$. We determine the initial algebra of the meadows of characteristic 0 and show that its word problem is decidable.
Meadows have been proposed as alternatives for fields with a purely equational axiomatization. At the basis of meadows lies the decision to make the multiplicative inverse operation total by imposing that the multiplicative inverse of zero is zero. Thus, the multiplicative inverse operation of a meadow is an involution. In this paper, we study `non-involutive meadows', i.e.\ variants of meadows in which the multiplicative inverse of zero is not zero, and pay special attention to non-involutive meadows in which the multiplicative inverse of zero is one.
An inversive meadow is a commutative ring with identity equipped with a multiplicative inverse operation made total by choosing 0 as its value at 0. Previously, inversive meadows were shortly called meadows. A divisive meadow is an inversive meadows with the multiplicative inverse operation replaced by a division operation. In the spirit of Peacock's arithmetical algebra, we introduce variants of inversive and divisive meadows without an additive identity element and an additive inverse operation. We give equational axiomatizations of several classes of such variants of inversive and divisive …
Inversive meadows are commutative rings with a multiplicative identity element and a total multiplicative inverse operation whose value at 0 is 0. Divisive meadows are inversive meadows with the multiplicative inverse operation replaced by a division operation. We give finite equational specifications of the class of all inversive meadows and the class of all divisive meadows. It depends on the angle from which they are viewed whether inversive meadows or divisive meadows must be considered more basic. We show that inversive and divisive meadows of rational numbers can be obtained as initial a…
Meadows are alternatives for fields with a purely equational axiomatization. At the basis of meadows lies the decision to make the multiplicative inverse operation total by imposing that the multiplicative inverse of zero is zero. Divisive meadows are meadows with the multiplicative inverse operation replaced by a division operation. Viewing a fraction as a term over the signature of divisive meadows that is of the form p / q, we investigate which divisive meadows admit transformation of fractions into simple fractions, i.e. fractions without proper subterms that are fractions.
Common meadows are fields expanded with a total inverse function. Division by zero produces an additional value denoted with "a" that propagates through all operations of the meadow signature (this additional value can be interpreted as an error element). We provide a basis theorem for so-called common cancellation meadows of characteristic zero, that is, common meadows of characteristic zero that admit a certain cancellation law.
$\mathbb{Q}_0$ - the involutive meadow of the rational numbers - is the field of the rational numbers where the multiplicative inverse operation is made total by imposing $0^{-1}=0$. In this note, we prove that $\mathbb{Q}_0$ cannot be specified by the usual axioms for meadows augmented by a finite set of axioms of the form $(1+ \cdots +1+x^2)\cdot (1+ \cdots +1 +x^2)^{-1}=1$.
In the well-known construction of the field of fractions of an integral domain, division by zero is excluded. We introduce "fracpairs" as pairs subject to laws consistent with the use of the pair as a fraction, but do not exclude denominators to be zero. We investigate fracpairs over a reduced commutative ring (a commutative ring that has no nonzero nilpotent elements) and provide these with natural definitions for addition, multiplication, and additive and multiplicative inverse. We find that modulo a simple congruence these fracpairs constitute a "common meadow", which is a commutative monoi…
Within the framework of the theory of the column and row determinants, we obtain new determinantal representations of the W-weighted Drazin inverse over the quaternion skew field. We give determinantal representations of the W-weighted Drazin inverse by using previously introduced determinantal representations of the Drazin inverse, the Moore-Penrose inverse, and the limit representations of the W-weighted Drazin inverse in some special case.
Determinantal representation of the Moore-Penrose inverse over the quaternion skew field is obtained within the framework of a theory of the column and row determinants. Using the obtained analogs of the adjoint matrix, we get the Cramer rules for the least squares solution of left and right systems of quaternionic linear equations.
We study skew inverse power series extensions R[[y^{-1};tau,delta]], where R is a noetherian ring equipped with an automorphism tau and a tau-derivation delta. We find that these extensions share many of the well known features of commutative power series rings. As an application of our analysis, we see that the iterated skew inverse power series rings corresponding to nth Weyl algebras are complete local, noetherian, Auslander regular domains whose right Krull dimension, global dimension, and classical Krull dimension, are all equal to 2n.
Within the framework of the theory of the column and row determinants, we obtain determinantal representations of the Drazin inverse for Hermitian matrix over the quaternion skew field. Using the obtained determinantal representations of the Drazin inverse we get explicit representation formulas (analogs of Cramer's rule) for the Drazin inverse solutions of quaternion matrix equations $ {\bf A}{\bf X} = {\bf D}$, $ {\bf X}{\bf B} = {\bf D} $ and ${\bf A} {\bf X} {\bf B} = {\bf D} $, where $ {\bf A}$, ${\bf B}$ are Hermitian.
Given an action $φ$ of of inverse semigroup $S$ on a ring $A$ (with domain of $φ(s)$ denoted by $D_{s^*}$) we show that if the ideals $D_e$, with $e$ an idempotent, are unital, then the skew inverse semigroup ring $A\rtimes S$ can be realized as the convolution algebra of an ample groupoid with coefficients in a sheaf of rings. Conversely, we show that the convolution algebra of an ample groupoid with coefficients in a sheaf of rings is isomorphic to a skew inverse semigroup ring of this sort. We recover known results in the literature for Steinberg algebras over a field as special cases.
Given a partial action $π$ of an inverse semigroup $S$ on a ring $\mathcal{A}$ one may construct its associated skew inverse semigroup ring $\mathcal{A} \rtimes_πS$. Our main result asserts that, when $\mathcal{A}$ is commutative, the ring $\mathcal{A} \rtimes_πS$ is simple if, and only if, $\mathcal{A}$ is a maximal commutative subring of $\mathcal{A} \rtimes_πS$ and $\mathcal{A}$ is $S$-simple. We apply this result in the context of topological inverse semigroup actions to connect simplicity of the associated skew inverse semigroup ring with topological properties of the action. Furthermore,…
A basic theory on the first order right and left linear quaternion differential systems (LQDS) is given systematic in this paper. To proceed the theory of LQDS we adopt the theory of column-row determinants recently introduced by the author. In this paper, the algebraic structure of their general solutions are established. Determinantal representations of solutions of systems with constant coefficient matrices and sources vectors are obtained in both cases when coefficient matrices are invertible and singular. In the last case, we use determinantal representations of the quaternion Drazin inve…
New definitions of determinant functionals over the quaternion skew field are given in this paper. The inverse matrix over the quaternion skew field is represented by analogues of the classical adjoint matrix. Cramer rule for right and left quaternionic systems of linear equations have been obtained.
Given a graded ample Hausdorff groupoid, we realise its graded Steinberg algebra as a partial skew inverse semigroup ring. We use this to show that for a partial action of a discrete group on a locally compact Hausdorff topological space, the Steinberg algebra of the associated groupoid is graded isomorphic to the corresponding partial skew group ring. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the open invariant subsets of the topological space and the graded ideals of the partial skew group ring. We also consider the algebraic version of the partial $C^{*}$-algebra of an abeli…
In this paper, we extend notions of the weighted core-EP right and left inverses, the weighted DMP and MPD inverses, and the CMP inverse to matrices over the quaternion skew field H that have some features in comparison to these inverses over the complex field. We give the direct methods of their computing, namely, their determinantal representations by using noncommutative column and row determinants previously introduced by the author. As the special cases, by using the usual determinant, we give their determinantal representations for matrices with complex entries as well. A numerical examp…
We study the interplay between Steinberg algebras and partial skew rings: For a partial action of a group in a Hausdorff, locally compact, totally disconnected topological space, we realize the associated partial skew group ring as a Steinberg algebra (over the transformation groupoid attached to the partial action). We then apply this realization to characterize diagonal preserving isomorphisms of partial skew group rings, over commutative algebras, in terms of continuous orbit equivalence of the associated partial actions. Finally, we show that any Steinberg algebra, associated to a Hausdorf…
In this paper we consider categories over a commutative ring provided either with a free action or with a grading of a not necessarily finite group. We define the smash product category and the skew category and we show that these constructions agree with the usual ones for algebras. In case of the smash product for an infinite group our construction specialized for a ring agrees with M. Beattie's construction of a ring with local units in \cite{be}. We recover in a categorical generalized setting the Duality Theorems of M. Cohen and S. Montgomery in \cite{cm}, and we provide a unification wit…
