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arXiv 0812.4813astro-ph
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坍缩射流的角能量分布

Angular Energy Distribution of Collapsar-Jets

Akira Mizuta, Miguel A. Aloy

摘要:

坍缩星是快速旋转的大质量恒星,其核心坍缩释放出一种能量,可以以超相对论喷流的形式输送。这些喷流将能量从坍缩的核心传送到很远的地方,在那里以长时间伽马射线暴的形式消散。本文研究了在类星体中产生的超相对论喷流的动力学。此外,我们外推我们的结果来推断在余辉阶段产生的流出的角能量分布。我们的主要重点是寻找全球的能量特性,可以由不同的祖星的不同结构的印记。因此,我们采用了一些前超新星,恒星模型(具有不同的质量和金属丰度),并注入所有的喷流与固定的初始条件。我们假设在喷嘴处,射流是轻度相对论性的(洛伦兹因子$\sim 5$),具有有限的半开角($5^\circ$),并具有$10^{51} $ erg s $^{-1}$的幂。在喷流到达恒星表面之前,在喷流喷嘴和第一次准直激波之间的未激波部分,形成了一个大的洛伦兹因子区$Γ\simmore 100$。这些高的$Γ$值是可能的,因为射流的有限开口角允许朝向径向方向的自由膨胀。我们发现喷流的角能量分布之间有很强的相关性,从祖表面喷发后,和祖细胞的质量。从光祖模型的喷流的角能量分布是陡峭的喷流注入更大质量的祖星。这种趋势也印在各向同性等效能量的角分布。

英文摘要:

Collapsars are fast-spinning, massive stars, whose core collapse liberates an energy, that can be channeled in the form of ultrarelativistic jets. These jets transport the energy from the collapsed core to large distances, where it is dissipated in the form of long-duration gamma-ray bursts. In this paper we study the dynamics of ultrarelativistic jets produced in collapsars. Also we extrapolate our results to infer the angular energy distribution of the produced outflows in the afterglow phase. Our main focus is to look for global energetical properties which can be imprinted by the different structure of different progenitor stars. Thus, we employ a number of pre-supernova, stellar models (with distinct masses and metallicities), and inject in all of them jets with fixed initial conditions. We assume that at the injection nozzle, the jet is mildly relativistic (Lorentz factor $\sim 5$), has a finite half-opening angle ($5^\circ$), and carries a power of $10^{51} $erg s$^{-1}$. These jets arrive intact to the stellar surface and break out of it. A large Lorentz factor region $Γ\simmore 100$ develops well before the jet reaches the surface of the star, in the unshocked part of the beam, located between the injection nozzle and the first recollimation shock. These high values of $Γ$ are possible because the finite opening angle of the jet allows for free expansion towards the radial direction. We find a strong correlation between the angular energy distribution of the jet, after its eruption from the progenitor surface, and the mass of the progenitors. The angular energy distribution of the jets from light progenitor models is steeper than that of the jets injected in more massive progenitor stars. This trend is also imprinted in the angular distribution of isotropic equivalent energy.

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