We reduce the isomorphism problem for undirected graphs without loops to the isomorphism problems for a class of finite dimensional $2$-step nilpotent Lie algebras over a field and for a class of finite $p$-groups. We show that the isomorphism problem for graphs is harder than the two latter isomorphism problems in the sense of Borel reducibility. A computable analogue of Borel reducibility was introduced by S. Coskey, J.D. Hamkins, and R. Miller. A relation of the isomorphism problem for undirected graphs to the well-known problem of classifying pairs of matrices over a field (up to similarity) is also studied.
University of Torino（都灵大学）；The Hebrew University of Jerusalem（耶路撒冷希伯来大学）；Rutgers University（罗格斯大学）
We prove that the Borel space of torsion-free Abelian groups with domain $ω$ is Borel complete, i.e., the isomorphism relation on this Borel space is as complicated as possible, as an isomorphism relation. This solves a long-standing open problem in descriptive set theory, which dates back to the seminal paper on Borel reducibility of Friedman and Stanley from 1989.
We study the complexity of the isomorphism relation for various classes of closed subgroups of the group of permutations of the natural numbers. We use the setting of Borel reducibility between equivalence relations on Polish spaces. For profinite, locally compact, and Roelcke precompact groups, we show that the complexity is the same as the one of countable graph isomorphism. For oligomorphic groups, we merely establish this as an upper bound, which is not sharp because the relation is Borel.
Let $S_\infty$ denote the topological group of permutations of the natural numbers. We study the complexity of the isomorphism relation on classes of closed subgroups $S_\infty$ in the setting of Borel reducibility between equivalence relations on Polish spaces. Given a closed subgroup $G$ of $S_\infty$, the coarse group $\mathcal M(G)$ is the structure with domain the cosets of open subgroups of $G$, and a ternary relation $AB \sqsubseteq C$. If $G$ has only countably many open subgroups, then $\mathcal M(G)$ is a countable structure. Coarse groups form our main tool in studying such closed s…
Like the lower central series of a nilpotent group, filters generalize the connection between nilpotent groups and graded Lie rings. However, unlike the case with the lower central series, the associated graded Lie ring may share few features with the original group: e.g. the associated Lie ring may be trivial or arbitrarily large. We determine properties of filters such that the Lie ring and group are in bijection. We prove that, under such conditions, every isomorphism between groups is induced by an isomorphism between graded Lie rings.
Leibniz algebras are a non-anticommutative version of Lie algebras. They play an important role in different areas of mathematics and physics and have attracted much attention over the last thirty years. In this paper we investigate whether conditions such as being a Lie algebra, cyclic, simple, semisimple, solvable, supersolvable or nilpotent in such an algebra are preserved by lattice isomorphisms.
Let $L$ be a Lie algebra with its enveloping algebra $U(L)$ over a field. In this paper we survey results concerning the isomorphism problem for enveloping algebras: given another Lie algebra $H$ for which $U(L)$ and $U(H)$ are isomorphic as associative algebras, can we deduce that $L$ and $H$ are isomorphic Lie algebras? Over a field of positive characteristic we consider a similar problem for restricted Lie algebras, that is, given restricted Lie algebras $L$ and $H$ for which their restricted enveloping algebras are isomorphic as algebras, can we deduce that $L$ and $H$ are isomorphic?
We prove that for a countable discrete group $Γ$ containing a copy of the free group $\F_n$, for some $2\leq n\leq\infty$, as a normal subgroup, the equivalence relations of conjugacy, orbit equivalence and von Neumann equivalence of the ergodic a.e. free actions of $Γ$ are analytic non-Borel equivalence relations in the Polish space of probability measure preserving $Γ$ actions. As a consequence we obtain that the isomorphism relation in the spaces of separably acting factors of type $\II_1$, $\II_\infty$ and $\III_λ$, $0\leqλ\leq 1$, are analytic and not Borel when these spaces are given the…
We consider the isomorphism problem for almost split Kac--Moody groups, which have been constructed by Rémy via Galois descent from split Kac-Moody groups as defined by Tits. We show that under certain technical assumptions, any isomorphism between two such groups must preserve the canonical subgroup structure, i.e. the twin root datum associated to these groups, which generalizes results of Caprace in the split case. An important technical tool we use is the existence of maximal split subgroups inside almost split Kac-Moody groups, which generalizes the corresponding result of Borel-Tits for …
Let G be an 1-connected simple Lie group, and let x\inG be a group element. We determine the isomorphism type of the centralizer C_{x} in term of a minimal geodesic joinning the group unit e\inG to x. This result is applied to classify the isomorphism types of maximal subgroups of maximal rank of G, and the isomorphism types of parabolic subgroups of G.
The Borel complexity of the isomorphism problem for finite-rank unital simple dimension groups increases with rank. This implies that the isomorphism problems for the corresponding classes of Bratteli diagrams and LDA-groups also increase with rank.
A topological group G is profinite if it is compact and totally disconnected. Equivalently, G is the inverse limit of a surjective system of finite groups carrying the discrete topology. We discuss how to represent a countably based profinite group as a point in a Polish space. Then we study the complexity of isomorphism using the theory of Borel reducibility in descriptive set theory. For topologically finitely generated profinite groups this complexity is the same as the one of identity for reals. In general, it is the same as the complexity of isomorphism for countable graphs.
In [H. Duan and S. Liu, The isomorphism type of the centralizer of an element in a Lie group, Journal of algebra, 376(2013), 25-45], we have determined the isomorphism type of the centralizer of an element in a simpe Lie group. As a sequel to [H. Duan and S. Liu, The isomorphism type of the centralizer of an element in a Lie group, Journal of algebra, 376(2013), 25-45.] we present a general procedure to calculate the isomorphism type of the fixed set of the inverse involution on a Lie group.
We show that each integral Borel cohomology class of a connected Lie group G can be represented by a Borel bounded cocycle if and only if the radical of G is linear. This leads to a generalization of Gromov's boundedness theorem on characteristic classes of flat bundles.
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field. Let $B$ be the Borel subgroup of $\mGL_n(k)$ consisting of nonsingular upper triangular matrices. Let $\frb = \mLie B$ be the Lie algebra of upper triangular $n \times n$ matrices and $\fru$ the Lie subalgebra of $\frb$ consisting of strictly upper triangular matrices. We classify all Lie ideals $\frn$ of $\frb$, satisfying $\fru' \subseteq \frn \subseteq \fru$, such that $B$ acts (by conjugation) on $\frn$ with a dense orbit. Further, in case $B$ does not act with a dense orbit, we give the minimal codimension of a $B$--orbit in $\frn$. This can be vi…
We prove a comparison theorem between locally analytic group cohomology and Lie algebra cohomology for locally analytic representations of a Lie group over a nonarchimedean field of characteristic 0. The proof is similar to that of van-Est's isomorphism and uses only a minimum of functional analysis.
