arXiv 0812.22082008-12hep-ph

带电轻子在核子上的自旋极化高能散射

Spin-polarized high-energy scattering of charged leptons on nucleons

M. Burkardt, C. A. Miller, W. -D. Nowak

备注：: 104 pages, 43 figures, intended for non-experts, accepted by Rep. Progr. Phys.; references updated, typos corrected, minor changes in text

摘要：

质子是一个自旋为1/2的复合物体，被理解为包含高度相对论性的自旋为1/2的夸克交换自旋为1的胶子，每个胶子都可能具有显著的轨道角动量。虽然它们的基本相互作用可以用量子色动力学（QCD）很好地描述，但我们的强相互作用标准理论，直接基于QCD的质子内部结构的非微扰计算开始提供可靠的结果。我们目前对质子结构的大部分认识都是基于在QCD丰富的框架内解释的实验测量。目前，在实验和理论上都引起人们强烈兴趣的一个领域是质子的自旋与其组成部分的自旋和轨道角动量之间的关系。虽然取得了显著进展，特别是在过去十年中，但新概念的发现和调查表明，仍有更多的东西有待了解。回顾了这一进展，并展望了未来。

英文摘要：

The proton is a composite object with spin one-half, understood to contain highly relativistic spin one-half quarks exchanging spin-one gluons, each possibly with significant orbital angular momenta. While their fundamental interactions are well described by Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD), our standard theory of the strong interaction, nonperturbative calculations of the internal structure of the proton based directly on QCD are beginning to provide reliable results. Most of our present knowledge of the structure of the proton is based on experimental measurements interpreted within the rich framework of QCD. An area presently attracting intense interest, both experimental and theoretical, is the relationship between the spin of the proton and the spins and orbital angular momenta of its constituents. While remarkable progress has been made, especially in the last decade, the discovery and investigation of new concepts have revealed that much more remains to be learned. This progress is reviewed and an outlook for the future is offered.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

摘要：

英文摘要：

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