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arXiv 0812.1500astro-ph
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2008年6月Markarian 421从光学到TeV能量的耀斑

The June 2008 flare of Markarian 421 from optical to TeV energies

The Agile Collaboration, Webt Collaboration, Magic Collaboration, Veritas Collaboration, I. Donnarumma

摘要:

我们目前的光学,X射线,高能量($\lessapprox 30$ GeV)和非常高的能量($\gtrapprox 100$ GeV; VHE)的高频率峰值blazar Mrk 421之间采取2008年5月24日和6月23日的观测。6月9日~ 15日,在\sqrt{TS} =4.5,$F(E>100 \mathrm{MeV})= 42^{+14}_{-12}\times 10^{-8}$光子数cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$的情况下,用AGILE探测到一个高能$γ$射线信号.这种耀斑状态比EGRET观测到的平均通量亮$\sim$ 3倍,但仍与最高EGRET通量一致。在硬X射线(20-60 keV)中,SuperAGILE解决了一个为期5天的耀斑(6月9日至15日),峰值为$\sim$ 55 mCrab。SuperAGILE,RXTE/ASM和Swift/BAT数据显示了软X射线和硬X射线之间的相关耀斑结构。在GASP-WEBT提供的同步光学数据中也检测到相同的燃烧行为的提示。在耀斑最大值附近进行的Swift/XRT观测揭示了从该源观测到的最高2-10 keV通量,为2.6 $\times 10^{-9}$ erg cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$(即> 100 mCrab)。导出了$\sim$ 3 keV的峰值同步加速器能量,高于$\sim$ 0.5-1 keV的典型值。6月6日至8日,MAGIC和VERITAS的VHE观测显示,通量在明亮状态下达到峰值,与X射线有很好的相关性。这组非同寻常的同步数据涵盖了12个十年的光谱范围,允许对光谱能量分布以及相关的光变曲线进行深入分析。$γ$射线耀斑可以在同步加速器自康普顿模型的框架内解释为轻子在喷流中的快速加速。

英文摘要:

We present optical, X-ray, high energy ($\lessapprox 30$ GeV) and very high energy ($\gtrapprox 100$ GeV; VHE) observations of the high-frequency peaked blazar Mrk 421 taken between 2008 May 24 and June 23. A high energy $γ$-ray signal was detected by AGILE with \sqrt{TS}=4.5 on June 9--15, with $F(E>100 \mathrm{MeV})= 42^{+14}_{-12}\times 10^{-8}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. This flaring state is brighter than the average flux observed by EGRET by a factor of $\sim$3, but still consistent with the highest EGRET flux. In hard X-rays (20-60 keV) SuperAGILE resolved a 5-day flare (June 9-15) peaking at $\sim$ 55 mCrab. SuperAGILE, RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT data show a correlated flaring structure between soft and hard X-rays. Hints of the same flaring behavior are also detected in the simultaneous optical data provided by the GASP-WEBT. A Swift/XRT observation near the flaring maximum revealed the highest 2-10 keV flux ever observed from this source, of 2.6 $\times 10^{-9}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (i.e. > 100 mCrab). A peak synchrotron energy of $\sim$3 keV was derived, higher than typical values of $\sim$0.5-1 keV. VHE observations with MAGIC and VERITAS on June 6-8 show the flux peaking in a bright state, well correlated with the X-rays. This extraordinary set of simultaneous data, covering a twelve-decade spectral range, allowed for a deep analysis of the spectral energy distribution as well as of correlated light curves. The $γ$-ray flare can be interpreted within the framework of the synchrotron self-Compton model in terms of a rapid acceleration of leptons in the jet.

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