大型网络中的映射变化
Mapping change in large networks
摘要：
变化是生物学、技术、经济和科学本身相互作用模式的基本组成部分：生物体内部和之间的相互作用发生变化;空中、陆地和海上的运输模式发生变化;全球金融流动发生变化;科学研究的前沿发生变化。网络和聚类方法已经成为理解这些大尺度结构实例的重要工具，但是如果没有区分真实趋势和噪声数据的方法，这些方法对于研究网络如何变化是没有用的。只有当我们能够为单个网络的划分赋予意义时，我们才能区分有意义的结构变化和随机波动。在这里，我们表明，伴随着显着聚类的引导rescue提供了一个解决这个问题的方法。为了将不断变化的结构与网络不断变化的功能联系起来，我们用冲积图突出并总结了重要的结构变化，并实现了de Solla Price绘制科学变化的愿景：研究过去十年中约7000种科学期刊之间的引用模式，我们发现神经科学已经从一个跨学科专业转变为一个成熟的独立学科。
英文摘要：
Change is a fundamental ingredient of interaction patterns in biology, technology, the economy, and science itself: Interactions within and between organisms change; transportation patterns by air, land, and sea all change; the global financial flow changes; and the frontiers of scientific research change. Networks and clustering methods have become important tools to comprehend instances of these large-scale structures, but without methods to distinguish between real trends and noisy data, these approaches are not useful for studying how networks change. Only if we can assign significance to the partitioning of single networks can we distinguish meaningful structural changes from random fluctuations. Here we show that bootstrap resampling accompanied by significance clustering provides a solution to this problem. To connect changing structures with the changing function of networks, we highlight and summarize the significant structural changes with alluvial diagrams and realize de Solla Price's vision of mapping change in science: studying the citation pattern between about 7000 scientific journals over the past decade, we find that neuroscience has transformed from an interdisciplinary specialty to a mature and stand-alone discipline.
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