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arXiv 0812.0976astro-ph
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Lambda-CDM宇宙中圆盘的形成和生存

The Formation and Survival of Discs in a Lambda-CDM Universe

Cecilia Scannapieco, Simon D. M. White, Volker Springel, Patricia B. Tissera

摘要:

我们研究的形成中的Lambda CDM宇宙中的星系使用高分辨率流体动力学模拟与气体,冷却和反馈的多相处理,专注于光盘的形成。我们的模拟遵循八个类似于银河系的质量晕,并从一个大的宇宙学模拟提取自旋参数或合并的历史没有限制。这使我们能够研究模拟星系的最终性质如何与它们的晕的形成历史相关。我们发现,在z = 0时,我们的星系中没有一个包含超过其总恒星质量20%的圆盘。然而,八个星系中有四个具有良好的盘组成部分,三个具有主导的球状体和非常小的盘,一个是球状星系,根本没有盘。z = 0的球状体是由老恒星组成的,而圆盘则是由内而外形成的。z = 0处圆盘的存在和最终圆盘与总质量的比似乎都不取决于晕的自旋参数。盘状星系形成的晕的自旋参数低至0.01,高至0.05;几乎没有或没有盘状星系的自旋参数范围相同。除了一个模拟星系外,所有星系在z > ~2处都有明显的圆盘,无论它们的z = 0形态如何。当吸积的冷气体与恒星盘不对齐时,产生的主要合并和不稳定性触发了从盘到球体的质量转移。在某些情况下,光盘被销毁,而在其他情况下,他们生存或改革。这表明盘的生存概率取决于每个星系的特定形成历史。一个现实的Lambda-CDM模型显然需要较弱的恒星形成在高红移和后来的光盘组装比发生在我们的模型。

英文摘要:

We study the formation of galaxies in a Lambda-CDM Universe using high resolution hydrodynamical simulations with a multiphase treatment of gas, cooling and feedback, focusing on the formation of discs. Our simulations follow eight haloes similar in mass to the Milky Way and extracted from a large cosmological simulation without restriction on spin parameter or merger history. This allows us to investigate how the final properties of the simulated galaxies correlate with the formation histories of their haloes. We find that, at z = 0, none of our galaxies contain a disc with more than 20 per cent of its total stellar mass. Four of the eight galaxies nevertheless have well-formed disc components, three have dominant spheroids and very small discs, and one is a spheroidal galaxy with no disc at all. The z = 0 spheroids are made of old stars, while discs are younger and formed from the inside-out. Neither the existence of a disc at z = 0 nor the final disc-to-total mass ratio seems to depend on the spin parameter of the halo. Discs are formed in haloes with spin parameters as low as 0.01 and as high as 0.05; galaxies with little or no disc component span the same range in spin parameter. Except for one of the simulated galaxies, all have significant discs at z > ~2, regardless of their z = 0 morphologies. Major mergers and instabilities which arise when accreting cold gas is misaligned with the stellar disc trigger a transfer of mass from the discs to the spheroids. In some cases, discs are destroyed, while in others, they survive or reform. This suggests that the survival probability of discs depends on the particular formation history of each galaxy. A realistic Lambda-CDM model will clearly require weaker star formation at high redshift and later disc assembly than occurs in our models.

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