用SGARFACE寻找原初黑洞
Search for Primordial Black Holes with SGARFACE
摘要：
短伽马射线前空气切伦科夫实验（SGARFACE）使用惠普尔10米望远镜搜索$γ$射线的爆发。SGARFACE对持续时间从几ns到$\sim$ 20 $μ$ s，以及$γ$ -射线能量超过100 MeV的爆发敏感。SGARFACE于2003年3月开始运行，在2267小时的曝光时间内收集了220万个事件。对原始黑洞（PBH）爆炸产生的$γ$射线爆发进行了搜索。哈格多恩型PBH爆炸预计在地球60 pc范围内可见。背景事件是由宇宙射线和大气现象造成的，它们的排除在很大程度上是利用时间分辨图像来完成的。由于剩余的背景事件模拟了爆发的预期形状和时间发展，因此无法明确检测到$γ$射线的爆发。PBH爆炸率的上限来自SGARFACE数据，并与以前和未来的实验进行比较。我们注意到，未来配备类似SGARFACE的触发器的大型宽视场空气切伦科夫望远镜阵列将能够在无背景的情况下运行，对PBH爆炸的灵敏度提高20至30倍。
英文摘要：
The Short GAmma Ray Front Air Cherenkov Experiment (SGARFACE) uses the Whipple 10 m telescope to search for bursts of $γ$ rays. SGARFACE is sensitive to bursts with duration from a few ns to $\sim$20 $μ$s and with $γ$-ray energy above 100 MeV. SGARFACE began operating in March 2003 and has collected 2.2 million events during an exposure time of 2267 hours. A search for bursts of $γ$ rays from explosions of primordial black holes (PBH) was carried out. A Hagedorn-type PBH explosion is predicted to be visible within 60 pc of Earth. Background events were caused by cosmic rays and by atmospheric phenomena and their rejection was accomplished to a large extent using the time-resolved images. No unambiguous detection of bursts of $γ$ rays could be made as the remaining background events mimic the expected shape and time development of bursts. Upper limits on the PBH explosion rate were derived from the SGARFACE data and are compared to previous and future experiments. We note that a future array of large wide-field air-Cherenkov telescopes equipped with a SGARFACE-like trigger would be able to operate background-free with a 20 to 30 times higher sensitivity for PBH explosions.
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