Alexander N. Grishkov, Ivan P. Shestakov
We compute the orders of free commutative Moufand loops of exponent 3 with $n\leq 7$ free generators and find embeddings of such loops into a loop of invertible elements of the free commutative alternative algebra with identity $x^3=0$.
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We prove that every commutative Moufang groupoid is a semilattice of Archimedean subgroupoids.
The various finiteness conditions in commutative Moufang loops are characterized using the notions of centralizer of subloops and centralizer of subgroups of its multiplication group.
It is proved that the maximum condition for subloops in a commutative Moufang loop $Q$ is equivalent with the conditions of finite generating of different subloops of the loop $Q$ and different subgroups of the multiplication group of the loop $Q$. An analogue equivalence is set for the commutative Moufang $ZA$-loops.
It is proved that the following conditions are equivalent for an infinite non-associative commutative Moufang loop $Q$: 1) $Q$ satisfies the minimum condition for subloops; 2) if the loop $Q$ contains a centrally solvable subloop of class $s$, then it satisfies the minimum condition for centrally solvable subloops of class $s$; 3) if the loop $Q$ contains a centrally nilpotent subloop of class $n$, then it satisfies the minimum condition for centrally nilpotent subloops of class $n$; 4) $Q$ satisfies the minimum condition for non-invatiant associative subloops. The structure of the commutative…
The structure of the commutative Moufang loops (CML) with minimum condition for subloops is examined. In particular it is proved that such a CML $Q$ is a finite extension of a direct product of a finite number of the quasicyclic groups, lying in the centre of the CML $Q$. It is shown that the minimum conditions for subloops and for normal subloops are equivalent in a CML. Moreover, such CML also characterized by different conditions of finiteness of its multiplication groups.
Let $L$ be a commutative Moufang loop (CML) with multiplication group $\frak M$, and let $\frak F(L)$, $\frak F(\frak M)$ be the Frattini subgroup and Frattini subgroup of $L$ and $\frak M$ respectively. It is proved that $\frak F(L) = L$ if and only if $\frak F(\frak M) = \frak M$ and is described the structure of this CLM. Constructively it is defined the notion of normalizer for subloops in CML. Using this it is proved that if $\frak F(L) \neq L$ then $L$ satisfies the normalizer condition and that any divisible subgroup of $\frak M$ is an abelian group and serves as a direct factor for $\f…
It is proved that any free Moufang loop can be embedded in a loop of invertible elements of some alternative algebra.
The paper defines the notion of alternative loop algebra F[Q] for any nonassociative Moufang loop Q as being any non-zero homomorphic image of the loop algebra FQ of a loop Q over a field F. For the class M of all nonassociative alternative loop algebras F[Q] and for the class L of all nonassociative Moufang loops Q are defined the radicals R and S, respectively. Moreover, for classes M, L is proved an analogue of Wedderburn Theorem for finite dimensional associative algebras. It is also proved that any Moufang loop Q from the radical class R can be embedded into the loop of invertible element…
Let a Moufang loop Q contain a non-unitary subloop, which is a simple loop. Then Q is not embedded into a loop of invertible elements of any alternative algebra.
It is known that with precision till isomorphism that only and only loops $M(F) = M_0(F)/<-1>$, where $M_0(F)$ denotes the loop, consisting from elements of all matrix Cayley-Dickson algebra $C(F)$ with norm 1, and $F$ be a subfield of arbitrary fixed algebraically closed field, are simple non-associative Moufang loops. In this paper it is proved that the simple loops $M(F)$ they and only they are not embedded into a loops of invertible elements of any unitaly alternative algebras if $\text{char} F \neq 2$ and $F$ is closed under square root operation. For the remaining Moufang loops such an e…
We construct Moufang sets, Moufang triangles and Moufang hexagons using inner ideals of Lie algebras obtained from structurable algebras via the Tits--Kantor--Koecher construction. The three different types of structurable algebras we use are, respectively: (1) structurable division algebras, (2) algebras $D \oplus D$ for some alternative division algebra $D$, equipped with the exchange involution, (3) matrix structurable algebras $M(J,1)$ for some cubic Jordan division algebra $J$. In each case, we also determine the root groups directly in terms of the structurable algebra.
A minimal and non-alternative realisation of the Cayley plane
本研究用更弱的非交替代数（para八元数和Okubo代数）简洁地定义了Cayley平面，并证明实数Okubo代数是最弱可定义紧致16维Moufang平面的代数结构。
We introduce the notions of Hopf quasigroup and Hopf coquasigroup $H$ generalising the classical notion of an inverse property quasigroup $G$ expressed respectively as a quasigroup algebra $k G$ and an algebraic quasigroup $k[G]$. We prove basic results as for Hopf algebras, such as anti(co)multiplicativity of the antipode $S:H\to H$, that $S^2=\id$ if $H$ is commutative or cocommutative, and a theory of crossed (co)products. We also introduce the notion of a Moufang Hopf (co)quasigroup and show that the coordinate algebras $k[S^{2^n-1}]$ of the parallelizable spheres are algebraic quasigroups…
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study BiHom-alternative algebras and BiHom-Malcev algebras. It is shown that BiHom-alternative algebras are BiHom-Malcev admissible and BiHom-Jordan admissible. Moreover, BiHom-type generalizations of some well known identities in alternative algebras, including the Moufang identities, are obtained.
Hom-Maltsev(-admissible) algebras are defined, and it is shown that Hom-alternative algebras are Hom-Maltsev-admissible. With a new definition of a Hom-Jordan algebra, it is shown that Hom-alternative algebras are Hom-Jordan-admissible. Hom-type generalizations of some well-known identities in alternative algebras, including the Moufang identities, are obtained.
Groups of generalized Moufang type and $\mathbb Z_2$-graded algebras
本文研究了广义 Moufang 类型的群与 $\mathbb Z_2$-分级代数的构造及其性质，提出了 $GM(p)$-型代数的概念，并探讨了其与 Burnside 问题的关系。
A partial algebra construction of Grätzer and Schmidt from "Characterizations of congruence lattices of abstract algebras" (Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged) 24 (1963), 34-59) is adapted to provide an alternative proof to a well-known fact that every finite distributive lattice is representable, seen as a special case of the Finite Lattice Representation Problem. The construction of this proof brings together Birkhoff's representation theorem for finite distributive lattices, an emphasis on boolean lattices when representing finite lattices, and a perspective based on inequalities of partially ordered …
A commutative algebra is exact if its multiplication endomorphisms are trace-free and is Killing metrized if its Killing type trace-form is nondegenerate and invariant. A Killing metrized exact commutative algebra is necessarily neither unital nor associative. Such algebras can be viewed as commutative analogues of semisimple Lie algebras or, alternatively, as nonassociative generalizations of étale (associative) algebras. Some basic examples are described and there are introduced quantitative measures of nonassociativity, formally analogous to curvatures of connections, that serve to facilita…
In this chapter, starting from some results obtained in the papers [FV; 19], [FHSV; 19], we provide some examples of finite bounded commutative BCK- algebras, using the Wajsberg algebra associated to a bounded commutative BCK- algebra. This method is an alternative to the Iseki's construction, since by Iseki's extension some properties of the obtained algebras are lost.
We give the algebraic classification of alternative, left alternative, Jordan, bicommutative, left commutative, assosymmetric, Novikov and left symmetric central extensions of null-filiform associative algebras.
Recently V.H.López Solís and I.Shestakov solved an old problem by N.Jacobson on describing of unital alternative algebras containing the $2\times 2$ matrix algebra $M_2$ as a unital subalgebra. Here we give another description of $M_2$-algebras via the 6-dimensional alternative superalgebra $B(4,2)$ and an auxiliar $\mathbf {\mit Z}_2$-graded algebra $\mitΓ$. It occurs that the category of alternative $M_2$-algebras is isomorphic to the category of $\mitΓ$-algebras. For any associative and commutative algebra $A$, we give a construction of a ${\mit Γ}$-algebra $\mitΓ(A)$, which turns to be a J…
We introduce what we call "alternative twisted tensor products" for not necessarily associative algebras, as a common generalization of several different constructions: the Cayley-Dickson process, the Clifford process and the twisted tensor product of two associative algebras, one of them being commutative. We show that some very basic facts concerning the Cayley-Dickson process (the equivalence between the two different formulations of it and the lifting of the involution) are particular cases of general results about alternative twisted tensor products of algebras. As a class of examples of …
We describe all degenerations of the variety $\mathfrak{Jord}_3$ of Jordan algebras of dimension three over $\mathbb{C}.$ In particular, we describe all irreducible components in $\mathfrak{Jord}_3.$ For every $n$ we define an $n$-dimensional rigid ''marginal'' Jordan algebra of level one. Also, we discuss ''marginal'' algebras in associative, alternative, left alternative, non-commutative Jordan, Leibniz, and anticommutative cases.
The geometric classification of non-associative algebras: a survey
本文综述了幂零、Lie、Jordan等多种非结合代数簇（含$n$元代数、超代数、Poisson型代数）的几何分类研究，并涵盖了退化水平分类，系统梳理该领域成果。
Although in general there is no meaningful concept of factorization in fields, that in free associative algebras (over a commutative field) can be extended to their respective free field (universal field of fractions) on the level of minimal linear representations. We establish a factorization theory by providing an alternative definition of left (and right) divisibility based on the rank of an element and show that it coincides with the classical left (and right) divisibility for non-commutative polynomials. Additionally we present an approach to factorize elements, in particular rational for…
A classification of group gradings on incidence algebras over commutative rings
本文分类了交换环上关联代数的群分次，利用本原正交齐次幂等元刻画分次同构类，并给出有限性结果。
A bialgebra theory for transposed Poisson algebras via anti-pre-Lie bialgebras and anti-pre-Lie-Poisson bialgebras
本文通过引入反预李双代数和反预李-泊松双代数，利用李代数上交换2-上循环的Manin三元组，为转置泊松代数建立了双代数理论，并研究了共边情形及相关结构。
Let $K\ < x_i\ >$ be the free associative algebra generated by a finite or countable number of variables $x_i$. The notion of "letterplace correspondence" introduced in [1,2] for the graded (two-sided) ideals of $K\ < x_i\ >$ is extended in this paper also to the nongraded case. This amounts to the possibility of modelizing nongraded noncommutative presented algebras by means of a class of graded commutative algebras that are invariant under the action of the monoid $\mathbb N$ of natural numbers. For such purpose we develop the notion of saturation for the graded ideals of $K\ < x_i,t\ >$, wh…
A new approach to the bialgebra theory for relative Poisson algebras
提出相对 PCA 双代数作为相对 Poisson 代数双代数理论的新途径，引入 RPCA-YBE 及相关算子概念，并证明其可由微分 ASI 双代数自然构造。
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