生态系统中生物量金字塔倒置的一般机制
General Mechanisms for Inverted Biomass Pyramids in Ecosystems
摘要：
虽然存在强大的倒生物量金字塔似乎自相矛盾，他们已经观察到在浮游生物群落，最近，在原始珊瑚礁。了解产生倒置生物量金字塔的潜在机制提供了新的生态见解，对于珊瑚礁来说，可能有助于减轻或恢复受损的珊瑚礁。我们提出了三类捕食者-猎物模型，阐明了产生强大的倒生物量金字塔的机制。第一类模型利用捕食者和猎物的良好混合，第二类有一个避难所（明确的大小）的猎物隐藏，第三类包括移民的猎物。我们的模型表明，倒生物量金字塔发生时，猎物的增长率，猎物的承载能力，生物量转换效率，捕食者的寿命，或猎物鱼的移民率是足够大的。在第二类中，我们讨论了三个假设如何避难所的大小可以影响捕食者的猎物量。通过明确纳入避难所的大小，这些可以更真实地模型捕食者-猎物的相互作用比refgue模型隐式避难所的大小。
英文摘要：
Although the existence of robust inverted biomass pyramids seem paradoxical, they have been observed in planktonic communities, and more recently, in pristine coral reefs. Understanding the underlying mechanisms which produce inverted biomass pyramids provides new ecological insights, and for coral reefs, may help mitigate or restore damaged reefs. We present three classes of predator-prey models which elucidate mechanisms that generate robust inverted biomass pyramids. The first class of models exploits well-mixing of predators and prey, the second class has a refuge (with explicit size) for the prey to hide, and the third class incorporates the immigration of prey. Our models indicate that inverted biomass pyramids occur when the prey growth rate, prey carrying capacity, biomass conversion efficiency, the predator life span, or the immigration rate of prey fish is sufficiently large. In the second class, we discuss three hypotheses on how refuge size can impact the amount of prey available to predators. By explicitly incorporating a refuge size, these can more realistically model predator-prey interactions than refgue models with implicit refuge size.
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