模拟近原始珊瑚礁的鱼类生物量结构和捕捞造成的退化
Modeling Fish Biomass Structure at Near Pristine Coral Reefs and Degradation by Fishing
摘要：
直到最近，倒置生物量金字塔的唯一例子是在淡水和海洋浮游生物群落中。2002年和2008年，研究人员记录了西北夏威夷群岛和莱恩群岛内几乎原始的珊瑚礁生态系统的倒生物量金字塔，其中顶端捕食者丰度占鱼类生物量的85%。我们建立了一个新的基于避难所的捕食者-被捕食者模型来研究珊瑚礁的鱼类生物量结构，并研究了捕鱼对生物量金字塔的影响。利用现实的珊瑚礁鱼类生活史〈动〉<动>参数，我们的模型表现出稳定的倒生物量金字塔。由于捕食者和猎物没有很好地混合，我们的模型不包括均匀混合和倒生物量金字塔是避难所的结果。了解在几乎原始的条件下的捕食者-猎物动态提供了一个更现实的历史框架，与捕捞珊瑚礁进行比较。最后，我们表明，捕鱼将倒置的生物量金字塔底部重。
英文摘要：
Until recently, the only examples of inverted biomass pyramids have been in freshwater and marine planktonic communities. In 2002 and 2008 investigators documented inverted biomass pyramids for nearly pristine coral reef ecosystems within the NW Hawaiian islands and the Line Islands, where apex predator abundance comprises up to 85% of the fish biomass. We build a new refuge based predator-prey model to study the fish biomass structure at coral reefs and investigate the effect of fishing on biomass pyramids. Utilizing realistic life history parameters of coral reef fish, our model exhibits a stable inverted biomass pyramid. Since the predators and prey are not well mixed, our model does not incorporate homogeneous mixing and the inverted biomass pyramid is a consequence of the refuge. Understanding predator-prey dynamics in nearly pristine conditions provides a more realistic historical framework for comparison with fished reefs. Finally, we show that fishing transforms the inverted biomass pyramid to be bottom heavy.
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