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arXiv 0811.3173astro-ph
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SN 2008 D的VLBI观测

VLBI Observations of SN 2008D

M. F. Bietenholz, A. M. Soderberg, N. Bartel

摘要:

我们报告了与X射线爆发XRF 080109相关的Ib/c型超新星SN 2008D的两个时代的甚长基线干涉(VLBI)观测。在我们的第一个时期,在爆炸后t = 30天,我们在22和8.4 GHz进行了观察,在我们的第二个时期,在t = 133天,在8.4和5.0 GHz进行了观察。VLBI观测使我们能够精确地测量源的大小和位置在每个时期,从而限制其膨胀速度和自行。我们发现源在最好的边缘解决在这两个时代,使我们能够把一个3西格玛上限~0.75 C的圆形源的膨胀速度。对于一个细长的源,我们的测量是兼容的温和的相对论性膨胀。然而,我们对自行的3sigma上限是4微弧秒/天,对应于<0.6c的视速度,并且与静止的通量质心一致。这个极限排除了相对论性喷流,如远离视线的伽马射线暴喷流,它将显示> c的表观自行。总的来说,我们的测量结果反对SN 2008D中存在任何长寿命的相对论流出。另一方面,我们的测量结果与典型超新星中看到的<30,000 km/s的非相对论膨胀速度和小自行(<500 km/s)一致。

英文摘要:

We report on two epochs of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the Type Ib/c supernova SN 2008D, which was associated with the X-ray outburst XRF 080109. At our first epoch, at t = 30 days after the explosion, we observed at 22 and 8.4 GHz, and at our second, at t = 133 days, at 8.4 and 5.0 GHz. The VLBI observations allow us to accurately measure the source's size and position at each epoch, and thus constrain its expansion velocity and proper motion. We find the source at best marginally resolved at both epochs, allowing us to place a 3sigma upper limit of ~0.75c on the expansion velocity of a circular source. For an elongated source, our measurements are compatible with mildly relativistic expansion. However, our 3sigma upper limit on the proper motion is 4 micro-arcsec/day, corresponding to an apparent velocity of <0.6c, and is consistent with a stationary flux centroid. This limit rules out a relativistic jet such as an gamma-ray burst jet away from the line of sight, which would be expected to show apparent proper motion of >c. Taken together, our measurements argue against the presence of any long-lived relativistic outflow in SN 2008D. On the other hand, our measurements are consistent with the nonrelativistic expansion velocities of <30,000 km/s and small proper motions (<500 km/s) seen in typical supernovae.

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