光与单个原子之间的动量交换：亚伯拉罕还是闵可夫斯基？
Momentum exchange between light and a single atom: Abraham or Minkowski?
摘要：
我们考虑平面波光脉冲作用在单个原子上的力。脉冲的前沿对原子施加色散力，当原子被光包围时，这会改变原子的动量。光学偶极力的标准观点表明，红失谐光应该吸引原子向高强度。这将使每个光子的平均动量增加到$\textbf{p}_{0} n$，其中$\textbf{p}_{0}$是自由空间中的光子动量，而$n$是由于光中存在原子而导致的平均折射率。然而，我们证明了这是错误的结论，原子实际上是被色散力排斥在光之外，给光子一个动量$\textbf{p}_{0} /n$。这使我们把亚伯拉罕的光动量与动量转移联系起来。闵可夫斯基的形式同样与正则动量有关。我们考虑了在实验室中证明这一点的可能性，并注意到与Aharonov-Casher效应的意外联系。
英文摘要：
We consider the forces exerted by a pulse of plane-wave light on a single atom. The leading edge of the pulse exerts a dispersive force on the atom, and this modifies the atomic momentum while the atom is enveloped in the light. The standard view of the optical dipole force indicates that red-detuned light should attract the atom towards high intensity. This should increase the average momentum per photon to $\textbf{p}_{0} n$, where $\textbf{p}_{0}$ is the photon momentum in free space and $n$ is the average refractive index due to the presence of the atom in the light. We show, however, that this is the wrong conclusion and that the atom is in fact repelled from the light by the dispersive forces, giving the photons a momentum $\textbf{p}_{0} /n$. This leads us to identify Abraham's optical momentum with the kinetic momentum transfer. The form due to Minkowski is similarly associated with the canonical momentum. We consider the possibility of demonstrating this in the laboratory, and we note an unexpected connection with the Aharonov-Casher effect.
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