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arXiv 0811.1577astro-ph
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疏散星团M35(NGC 2168)中超新星前身星质量下限和白矮星初末质量关系的高质量端的探测

Probing The Lower Mass Limit for Supernova Progenitors and the High-Mass End of the Initial-Final Mass Relation from White Dwarfs in the Open Cluster M35 (NGC 2168)

Kurtis A. Williams, Michael Bolte, Detlev Koester

摘要:

我们提出了一个光度和光谱的研究人口稠密的,中等年龄的疏散星团M35(NGC 2168)的白矮星人口,这项研究扩展了我们以前的研究白矮星在这个集群。我们用光谱法确认了14颗白矮星:12颗DA,1颗热DQ和1颗DB星。对于每一个DA,我们确定了白矮星的质量和冷却年龄,由此我们得到了每颗恒星的祖星质量。然后将这些数据添加到经验初始-最终质量关系(IFMR)中,其中M35 WD对关系的高质量端有显着贡献。由此产生的点是一致的,与先前公布的线性拟合IFMR,模中等系统介绍了星团年龄的不确定性。仅以这个星团为基础,在95%的置信水平下,观测到的白矮星祖先的最大质量下限为~5.1-5.2太阳质量;包括其他年轻疏散星团的数据,这一上限高达7.1太阳质量,这取决于三个大质量WD的星团成员资格和最大质量WD的核心组成。我们发现,仅从星团白矮星得到的视距离模和消光系数[(m-M)v=10.45 +/- 0.08和E(B-V)=0.185 +/- 0.010]与用主序拟合技术得到的结果完全一致。四个M35 WD的质量可能足以拥有氧-氖核心;假设的核心成分不会显著影响经验IFMR。最后,M35中的两个非DA WD在光度上与集群成员一致;需要进一步分析以确定它们的成员资格。

英文摘要:

We present a photometric and spectroscopic study of the white dwarf population of the populous, intermediate-age open cluster M35 (NGC 2168); this study expands upon our previous study of the white dwarfs in this cluster. We spectroscopically confirm 14 white dwarfs in the field of the cluster: 12 DAs, 1 hot DQ, and 1 DB star. For each DA, we determine the white dwarf mass and cooling age, from which we derive the each star's progenitor mass. These data are then added to the empirical initial-final mass relation (IFMR), where the M35 WDs contribute significantly to the high-mass end of the relation. The resulting points are consistent with previously-published linear fits to the IFMR, modulo moderate systematics introduced by the uncertainty in the star cluster age. Based on this cluster alone, the observational lower limit on the maximum mass of white dwarf progenitors is found to be ~5.1-5.2 solar masses at the 95% confidence level; including data from other young open clusters raises this limit as high as 7.1 solar masses, depending on the cluster membership of three massive WDs and the core-composition of the most massive WDs. We find that the apparent distance modulus and extinction derived solely from the cluster white dwarfs [(m-M)v=10.45 +/- 0.08 and E(B-V)=0.185 +/- 0.010, respectively] is fully consistent with that derived from main-sequence fitting techniques. Four M35 WDs may be massive enough to have oxygen-neon cores; the assumed core composition does not significantly affect the empirical IFMR. Finally, the two non-DA WDs in M35 are photometrically consistent with cluster membership; further analysis is required to determine their memberships.

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