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arXiv 0811.0861astro-ph
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LCDM中的合并和磁盘生存

Mergers and Disk Survival in LCDM

James S. Bullock, Kyle R. Stewart, Chris W. Purcell

摘要:

盘状星系在我们的宇宙中很常见,这是像LCDM这样的分层形成模型的关注来源。在这里,我们调查这个问题的动机来自星系大小的暗物质晕LCDM模拟的原始合并统计。我们的分析表明,大多数(约70%)在z=0时M = 10^12 M_sun的星系晕在过去的10 Gyr中至少吸积了一个质量m > 10^11 M_sun ~ 3 M_disk的物体。涉及较大物体的合并应该是罕见的,这一点指出,m/M = 0.1质量比的合并是最令人担忧的薄星系盘的生存。受这些结果的启发,我们使用高分辨率,无耗散的N体模拟来研究恒星Milky-Way型盘对这些常见合并的响应,并表明薄盘无法在轰击中幸存下来。残余星系的厚度大约是观测到的银河系薄盘的三倍,运动学温度是其两倍。最后,我们评估的建议,磁盘可能会被保存,如果合并涉及富含气体的祖先。我们用经验方法将恒星质量和气体质量作为红移的函数分配给暗物质晕,结果表明,10^12 M太阳晕所经历的大合并中,绝大多数应该是富含气体的(f_gas > 0.5),这表明这是一个潜在的可行的解决盘形成难题的方案。此外,在质量大于10^12.5太阳质量的晕中,富含气体的合并会变得越来越罕见,这表明合并气体分数可能在确定星系光度的形态趋势中发挥重要作用。

英文摘要:

Disk galaxies are common in our universe and this is a source of concern for hierarchical formation models like LCDM. Here we investigate this issue as motivated by raw merger statistics derived for galaxy-size dark matter halos from LCDM simulations. Our analysis shows that a majority (~70%) of galaxy halos with M = 10^12 M_sun at z=0 should have accreted at least one object with mass m > 10^11 M_sun ~ 3 M_disk over the last 10 Gyr. Mergers involving larger objects should have been rare, and this pinpoints m/M = 0.1 mass-ratio mergers as the most worrying ones for the survival of thin galactic disks. Motivated by these results, we use use high-resolution, dissipationless N-body simulations to study the response of stellar Milky-Way type disks to these common mergers and show that thin disks do not survive the bombardment. The remnant galaxies are roughly three times as thick and twice as kinematically hot as the observed thin disk of the Milky Way. Finally, we evaluate the suggestion that disks may be preserved if the mergers involve gas-rich progenitors. Using empirical measures to assign stellar masses and gas masses to dark matter halos as a function of redshift, we show that the vast majority of large mergers experienced by 10^12 M_sun halos should be gas-rich (f_gas > 0.5), suggesting that this is a potentially viable solution to the disk formation conundrum. Moreover, gas-rich mergers should become increasingly rare in more massive halos > 10^12.5 M_sun, and this suggest that merger gas fractions may play an important role in establishing morphological trends with galaxy luminosity.

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