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arXiv 0811.0743astro-ph
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Abell 2204中的巨大空腔、冷却和金属性亚结构

Giant cavities, cooling and metallicity substructure in Abell 2204

J. S. Sanders, A. C. Fabian, G. B. Taylor

摘要:

我们目前的结果,从深钱德拉和XMM牛顿观测的放松X射线发光星系团阿贝尔2204。我们在不同距离尺度上探测到了团内介质中的金属丰度不均匀性,从中心含有数倍于10^7兆太阳的铁的~12 kpc增强区到半径为400 kpc的区域,超过了数倍于10^9兆太阳。从X射线图像中减去平均表面亮度分布图,得到星团北部和南部的两个表面亮度凹陷。它们的形态与在团簇核心中观察到的空洞相似,但它们的半径分别为240 kpc和160 kpc,总焓为2 × 10^62 erg。如果它们是化石射电泡,那么它们的浮力时标意味着总的机械加热功率为5 × 10^46 erg/s,这是已知的最大的射电泡加热功率。更有可能的是,它们是过去许多泡沫累积的结果。从能量上讲,这是更可行的,因为这些区域的焓可以在大约2 Gyr的时间内对抗该集群中500 kpc半径的X射线冷却。星团的核心还含有5 ~ 7个半径约为4kpc的表面亮度凹陷,这些凹陷与观测到的射电辐射无关。如果它们是由原子核产生的气泡,它们太小了,无法平衡核心中一个数量级的冷却。然而,如果无线电轴接近视线,投影效果可能会掩盖更多的正常气泡。使用RGS光谱,我们检测到FeXVII线。光谱拟合显示温度低至~0.7 keV;因此,集群显示的X射线温度范围至少为15倍。低温气体的量与65 Msun/yr的质量沉积速率一致。

英文摘要:

We present results from deep Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the relaxed X-ray luminous galaxy cluster Abell 2204. We detect metallicity inhomogeneities in the intracluster medium on a variety of distance scales, from a ~12 kpc enhancement containing a few times 10^7 Msun of iron in the centre, to a region at 400 kpc radius with an excess of a few times 10^9 Msun. Subtracting an average surface brightness profile from the X-ray image yields two surface brightness depressions to the north and south of the cluster. Their morphology is similar to the cavities observed in cluster cores, but they have radii of 240 kpc and 160 kpc and have a total enthalpy of 2x10^62 erg. If they are fossil radio bubbles, their buoyancy timescales imply a total mechanical heating power of 5x10^46 erg/s, the largest such bubble heating power known. More likely, they result from the accumulation of many past bubbles. Energetically this is more feasible, as the enthalpy of these regions could combat X-ray cooling in this cluster to 500 kpc radius for around 2 Gyr. The core of the cluster also contains five to seven ~4 kpc radius surface brightness depressions that are not associated with the observed radio emission. If they are bubbles generated by the nucleus, they are too small to balance cooling in the core by an order of magnitude. However if the radio axis is close to the line of sight, projection effects may mask more normal bubbles. Using RGS spectra we detect a FeXVII line. Spectral fitting reveals temperatures down to ~0.7 keV; the cluster therefore shows a range in X-ray temperature of at least a factor of 15. The quantity of low temperature gas is consistent with a mass deposition rate of 65 Msun/yr.

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