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arXiv 0811.0537cs.LO
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嵌套词的一阶和时态逻辑

First-Order and Temporal Logics for Nested Words

Rajeev Alur, Marcelo Arenas, Pablo Barcelo, Kousha Etessami, Neil Immerman, Leonid Libkin

摘要:

嵌套字是过程程序中执行路径的结构化模型,反映了它们的调用和返回嵌套结构。有限嵌套字还捕获解析树和其他树结构数据(如XML)的结构。我们提供了新的时间逻辑的有限和无限嵌套的话,这是自然的扩展LTL,并证明这些逻辑是一阶表示完全的。其中之一是基于添加一个“内”的模态,评估一个子字的公式,以前研究的递归状态机(RSM)的验证属性的上下文中的逻辑CaRet。另一种逻辑NWTL基于使用线性和嵌套结构的摘要路径的概念。对于NWTL,我们证明了可满足性是EXPTIME-完全的,并且模型检查可以在RSM模型的大小的时间多项式中进行,并且在NWTL公式的大小中是指数的(并且也是EXPTIME-完全的)。最后,证明了嵌套词上的一阶逻辑具有三变量性质,并给出了一个嵌套词的时态逻辑,它对于一阶二变量片断是完备的。

英文摘要:

Nested words are a structured model of execution paths in procedural programs, reflecting their call and return nesting structure. Finite nested words also capture the structure of parse trees and other tree-structured data, such as XML. We provide new temporal logics for finite and infinite nested words, which are natural extensions of LTL, and prove that these logics are first-order expressively-complete. One of them is based on adding a "within" modality, evaluating a formula on a subword, to a logic CaRet previously studied in the context of verifying properties of recursive state machines (RSMs). The other logic, NWTL, is based on the notion of a summary path that uses both the linear and nesting structures. For NWTL we show that satisfiability is EXPTIME-complete, and that model-checking can be done in time polynomial in the size of the RSM model and exponential in the size of the NWTL formula (and is also EXPTIME-complete). Finally, we prove that first-order logic over nested words has the three-variable property, and we present a temporal logic for nested words which is complete for the two-variable fragment of first-order.

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