热排放和气候变化：未来能源技术的冷却器选择
Thermal emissions and climate change: Cooler options for future energy technology
摘要：
全球变暖源于“温度强迫”，即进入和离开气候系统的能量通量之间的净不平衡。人类通过温室气体排放、农业和燃料燃烧的热排放引入温度强迫。到目前为止，忽略热排放的气候预测通常预测2050年左右的最大强迫，然后下降。在本文中，我们表明，如果人类的能源使用以1%/年的速度增长，比近代历史要慢，如果不通过新的能源技术控制热排放，除非通过地球工程来对抗，否则温度强迫将无限期增加。或者，更优雅的是，人类可以使用风能、波浪能、潮汐能、海洋热能和太阳能等可再生能源，这些能源利用气候系统中已经存在的能量流，或者充当热能的有效汇。
英文摘要：
Global warming arises from 'temperature forcing', a net imbalance between energy fluxes entering and leaving the climate system and arising within it. Humanity introduces temperature forcing through greenhouse gas emissions, agriculture, and thermal emissions from fuel burning. Up to now climate projections, neglecting thermal emissions, typically foresee maximum forcing around the year 2050, followed by a decline. In this paper we show that, if humanity's energy use grows at 1%/year, slower than in recent history, and if thermal emissions are not controlled through novel energy technology, temperature forcing will increase indefinitely unless combated by geoengineering. Alternatively, and more elegantly, humanity may use renewable sources such as wind, wave, tidal, ocean thermal, and solar energy that exploit energy flows already present in the climate system, or act as effective sinks for thermal energy.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
