脉冲星搜索和SKA定时
Pulsar searches and timing with the SKA
摘要：
平方公里阵列（SKA）是一个计划中的多用途射电望远镜，收集面积接近100万平方米。SKA的主要科学目标之一是通过在极端双星系统（如脉冲星-黑洞双星系统）中发现并计时双星，提供引力物理学的精密强场测试。为了找出三个初步的SKA配置将如何影响脉冲星调查，我们模拟了SKA脉冲星调查的每一个配置。我们估计，SKA将检测到的正常脉冲星的总数，仅使用1公里的核心和30分钟的积分时间，大约是14000正常脉冲星和6000毫秒脉冲星。我们描述了一个简单的策略，后续的定时观测，并发现，根据配置，这将需要1-6天，以获得一个单一的时间点为14000个卫星。获得SKA高精度计时项目的单个计时点将需要不到14小时，2天或3天，具体取决于配置。孔径阵列的存在将在这里有很大的好处。我们还研究了脉冲星巡天波束形成和数据分析的计算要求。使用SKA的1公里核心，单像素馈源15米碟形天线的全视场波束形成需要大约每秒2.2*10^15次操作。这样一个脉冲星巡天的相应数据速率约为每秒4.7*10^11字节。深度实时分析所需的计算能力估计为每秒1.2*10^16次运算。对于孔径阵列或配备相控阵馈源的碟形天线，测量可以更快地执行，但计算要求和数据速率将上升。
英文摘要：
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is a planned multi purpose radio telescope with a collecting area approaching 1 million square metres. One of the key science objectives of the SKA is to provide exquisite strong-field tests of gravitational physics by finding and timing pulsars in extreme binary systems such as a pulsar-black hole binary. To find out how three preliminary SKA configurations will affect a pulsar survey, we have simulated SKA pulsar surveys for each configuration. We estimate that the total number of normal pulsars the SKA will detect, using only the 1-km core and 30 minutes integration time, is around 14000 normal pulsar and 6000 millisecond pulsars. We describe a simple strategy for follow-up timing observations and find that, depending on the configuration, it would take 1-6 days to obtain a single timing point for 14000 pulsars. Obtaining a single timing point for the high-precision timing projects of the SKA, will take less than 14 hours, 2 days, or 3 days, depending on the configuration. The presence of aperture arrays will be of great benefit here. We also study the computational requirements for beam forming and data analysis for a pulsar survey. Beam forming of the full field of view of the single-pixel feed 15-m dishes using the 1-km core of the SKA requires about 2.2*10^15 operations per second. The corresponding data rate from such a pulsar survey is about 4.7*10^11 bytes per second. The required computational power for a deep real time analysis is estimated to be 1.2*10^16 operations per second. For an aperture array or dishes equipped with phased array feeds, the survey can be performed faster, but the computational requirements and data rates will go up.
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