磁视觉：用LOFAR和SKA绘制宇宙磁场
Magnetic Visions: Mapping Cosmic Magnetism with LOFAR and SKA
摘要：
宇宙中磁场的起源是天体物理学和基础物理学中的一个悬而未决的问题。“宇宙磁性”已被接受为低频阵列（LOFAR，正在建设中）和计划中的平方公里阵列（SKA）的关键科学项目。在低频下，LOFAR和SKA将允许绘制星系外部区域和晕圈、星系团和银河系中弱磁场的结构。SKA在高频率下的高分辨率偏振观测将以前所未有的细节追踪星系盘和中心区域的磁场。对偏振背景源的法拉第旋转测量的全天巡天将用于模拟银河系、星系的星际介质和星系间介质的磁场结构和强度。应用于光谱偏振数据立方体的“RM合成”新方法将分离来自不同距离的RM分量，并允许3-D“法拉第层析成像”。通过对微弱的同步辐射和背景源的RM进行深度成像，将寻找遥远星系和星系团以及星系际细丝中的磁场。这将开启宇宙磁场观测的新纪元。
英文摘要：
The origin of magnetic fields in the Universe is an open problem in astrophysics and fundamental physics. "Cosmic Magnetism" has been accepted as Key Science Project both for the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR, under construction) and the planned Square Kilometre Array (SKA). At low frequencies LOFAR and SKA will allow to map the structure of weak magnetic fields in the outer regions and halos of galaxies, in galaxy clusters and in the Milky Way. High-resolution polarization observations at high frequencies with the SKA will trace magnetic fields in the disks and central regions of galaxies in unprecedented detail. All-sky surveys of Faraday rotation measures (RM) towards polarized background sources will be used to model the structure and strength of the magnetic fields in the Milky Way, the interstellar medium of galaxies and the intergalactic medium. The new method of "RM Synthesis", applied to spectro-polarimetric data cubes, will separate RM components from different distances and allow 3-D "Faraday tomography". Magnetic fields in distant galaxies and clusters and in intergalactic filaments will be searched for by deep imaging of weak synchrotron emission and of RM towards background sources. This will open a new era in the observation of cosmic magnetic fields.
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