The lack of extensive research in the application of inexpensive wireless sensor nodes for the early detection of wildfires motivated us to investigate the cost of such a network. As a first step, in this paper we present several results which relate the time to detection and the burned area to the number of sensor nodes in the region which is protected. We prove that the probability distribution of the burned area at the moment of detection is approximately exponential, given that some hypotheses hold: the positions of the sensor nodes are independent random variables uniformly distributed and the number of sensor nodes is large. This conclusion depends neither on the number of ignition points nor on the propagation model of the fire.
In this paper, we study Coded relay (Crelay) in multi-hop wireless networks. Crelay exploits both partial packets and overhearing capabilities of the wireless nodes, and uses Forward Error Correction code in packet forwarding. When a node overhears a partial packet from an upstream node, it informs the upstream node about the number of parity bytes needed to correct the errors, such that the upstream node need only send a small amount of parity bytes instead of the complete packet, hence improving the network efficiency. Our main contributions include the following. First, we propose an effici…
The concept of energy-efficient computing is not new but recently the focus of the industries related to technology has been shifted towards energy utilization techniques with minimum energy loss. Computer Networks also needed to be energy efficient. Energy Consumption is also an important challenge in the Wireless Sensor network. Energy efficiency can be achieved with the help of clustering algorithms, energy-efficient routing methods, improved data aggregation schemes, and energy-efficient MAC protocols for WSN.
In this paper we present new optimization formulations for maximizing the network lifetime in wireless mesh networks performing data aggregation and dissemination for machine-to-machine communication in the Internet of Things. We focus on heterogeneous networks in which multiple applications co-exist and nodes may take on different roles for different applications. Moreover, we address network reconfiguration as a means to increase the network lifetime, in keeping with the current trend towards software defined networks and network function virtualization. To test our optimization formulations…
In this paper we propose Time Synchronized One-Time-Password scheme to provide secure wake up authentication. The main constraint of wireless sensor networks is their limited power resource that prevents us from using radio transmission over the network to transfer the passwords. On the other hand computation power consumption is insignificant when compared to the costs associated with the power needed for transmitting the right set of keys. In addition to prevent adversaries from reading and following the timeline of the network, we propose to encrypt the tokens using symmetric encryption to …
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have the goal of gathering data from the environment. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) drastically changed WSN's vision that, as never before, needs to expand and include hundreds or thousands of sensors. But to follow the current IoT trends new techniques need to be implemented since orders of thousands of sensor nodes are not manageable by today's WSNs systems that often rely on manual configuration and hence are not practical. As an example, the replacement of batteries of thousand of nodes could be extremely arduous or even impossible for structura…
Even though channel assignment has been studied for years, the performance of most IEEE 802.11-based multi-hop wireless networks such as wireless sensor network (WSN), wireless mesh network (WMN), mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is limited by channel interference. Properly assigning orthogonal channels to wireless links can improve the throughput of multi-hop networks. To solve the dynamic channel assignment problem, a routing-based channel assignment algorithm called R-CA is proposed. R-CA can allocate channels for wireless nodes when needed and free channels after data transmission. Thus more …
Due to the rapid densification of small cells in 5G and beyond cellular networks, deploying wired high-bandwidth connections to every small cell base station is difficult, particularly in older metropolitan areas where infrastructure for fiber deployment is lacking. For this reason, mmWave wireless backhaul is being considered as a cost-effective and flexible alternative that has potential to support the high-rate transmission needed to accommodate backhaul traffic demands. However, maintaining a high network survivability is extremely important since networks based on mmWave communication are…
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as one of the most promising technologies for the current era. Researchers have studied them for several years ago, but more work still needed to be made since open opportunities to integrate new technologies are added to this field. One challenging task is WSN deployment. Yet, this is done by real deployment with testbeds platforms or by simulation tools when real deployment could be costly and time-consuming. In this paper, we review the implementation and evaluation process in WSNs. We then describe relevant testbeds and simulation tools, and the…
In-Band Full-Duplex (IBFD) is a technique that enables a wireless node to simultaneously transmit a signal and receive another on the same assigned frequency. Thus, IBFD wireless systems can provide up to twice the channel capacity compared to conventional Half-Duplex (HD) systems. In order to study the feasibility of IBFD networks, reliable models are needed to capture anticipated benefits of IBFD above the physical layer (PHY). In this paper, an accurate analytical model based on Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC) analysis for IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) with IBFD capa…
Experimentation is important when designing communication protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. Lower-layers have a major impact on upper-layer performance, and the complexity of the phenomena can not be entirely captured by analysis or simulation. In this report, we go through the complete process, from designing an energy-efficient self-organizing communication architecture (MAC, routing and application layers) to real-life experimentation roll-outs. The presented communication architecture includes a MAC protocol which avoids building and maintaining neighborhood tables, and a geographica…
The behavior of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is nowadays widely analyzed. One of the most important issues is related to their energy consumption, as this has a major impact on the network lifetime. Another important application requirement is to ensure data sensing synchronization, which leads to additional energy consumption as a high number of messages is sent and received at each node. Our proposal consists in implementing a combined synchronization protocol based on the IEEE 1588 standard that was designed for wired networks and the PBS (Pairwise Broadcast Synchronization) protocol that…
5G wireless networks aim to achieve seamless mobile broadband services, machine to machine and ultra-reliable low latency communications. These goals require massive improvements in terms of capacity, reliability, latency reduction, and scalability. Besides software defined networks and network function virtualization, self organizing networks (SON) is another enabling technology which makes 5G feasible. Automatic neighbor relations (ANR) is a prominent component of SON which has direct impact on reliability, scalability, and capacity of the wireless networks. When the current state of standar…
With the emergence of connected and autonomous vehicles, sensors are increasingly deployed within cars to support new functionalities. Traffic generated by these sensors congest traditional intra-car networks, such as CAN buses. Furthermore, the large amount of wires needed to connect sensors makes it harder to design cars in a modular way. To alleviate these limitations, we propose, simulate, and implement a hybrid wired/wireless architecture, in which each node is connected to either a wired interface or a wireless interface or both. Specifically, we propose a new protocol, called Hybrid-Bac…
Network coding is an elegant technique where, instead of simply relaying the packets of information they receive, the nodes of a network are allowed to combine \emph{several} packets together for transmission and this technique can be used to achieve the maximum possible information flow in a network and save the needed number of packet transmissions. Moreover, in an energy-constraint wireless network such as Wireless Sensor Network (a typical type of wireless ad hoc network), applying network coding to reduce the number of wireless transmissions can also prolong the life time of sensor nodes.…
Air traffic management (ATM) of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles (AVs) relies critically on ubiquitous location tracking. While technologies exist for AVs to broadcast their location periodically and for airports to track and detect AVs, methods to verify the broadcast locations and complement the ATM coverage are urgently needed, addressing anti-spoofing and safe coexistence concerns. In this work, we propose an ATM solution by exploiting noncoherent crowdsourced wireless networks (CWNs) and correcting the inherent clock-synchronization problems present in such non-coordinated sensor netwo…
Thanks to its simplicity and cost efficiency, wireless local area network (WLAN) enjoys unique advantages in providing high-speed and low-cost wireless services in hot spots and indoor environments. Traditional WLAN medium-access-control (MAC) protocols assume that only one station can transmit at a time: simultaneous transmissions of more than one station cause the destruction of all packets involved. By exploiting recent advances in PHY-layer multiuser detection (MUD) techniques, it is possible for a receiver to receive multiple packets simultaneously. This paper argues that such multipacket…
We introduce the novel concept of mobility diversity for mobile sensor or communication networks as the diversity introduced by transmitting data over different topologies of the network. We show how node mobility can provide diversity by changing the topology of the network. More specifically, we consider a mobile network of a sensor node and a number of sink nodes which are all moving randomly according to different Wiener process mobility models. Assuming that the network topology evolves with time and assuming that the connectivity of the sensor node to at least one sink node is needed for…
In this paper, we propose an efficient range free localization scheme for large scale three dimensional wireless sensor networks. Our system environment consists of two type of sensors, randomly deployed static sensors and global positioning system equipped moving sensors. These moving anchors travels across the network field and broadcast their current locations on specified intervals. As soon as the sensors which are deployed in random fashion receives three beacon messages (known locations broadcasted by anchors), they computes their locations automatically by using our proposed algorithm. …
This paper addresses handover decision instability which impacts negatively on both user perception and network performances. To this aim, a new technique called The HandOver Decision STAbility Technique (HODSTAT) is proposed for horizontal handover in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) based on IEEE 802.11standard. HODSTAT is based on a hysteresis margin analysis that, combined with a utilitybased function, evaluates the need for the handover and determines if the handover is needed or avoided. Indeed, if a Mobile Terminal (MT) only transiently hands over to a better network, the gain from u…
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an attractive choice for a variety of applications as no wired infrastructure is needed. Other wireless networks are not as energy constrained as WSNs, because they may be plugged into the mains supply or equipped with batteries that are rechargeable and replaceable. Among others, one of the main sources of energy depletion in WSN is communications controlled by the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols. An extensive survey of energy efficient MAC protocols is presented in this article. We categorise WSN MAC protocols in the following categories: controlled acc…
The nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) contain limited energy resources, which are needed to transmit data to base station (BS). Routing protocols are designed to reduce the energy consumption. Clustering algorithms are best in this aspect. Such clustering algorithms increase the stability and lifetime of the network. However, every routing protocol is not suitable for heterogeneous environments. AM-DisCNT is proposed and evaluated as a new energy efficient protocol for wireless sensor networks. AM-DisCNT uses circular deployment for even consumption of energy in entire wireless sensor n…
OWL University of Applied Sciences（东威斯特伐利亚应用科学大学）；Institute of Industrial Information Technologies（工业信息技术研究所）
In industrial environments, an increasing amount of wireless devices are used, which utilize license-free bands. As a consequence of these mutual interferences of wireless systems might decrease the state of coexistence. Therefore, a central coexistence management system is needed, which allocates conflict-free resources to wireless systems. To ensure a conflict-free resource utilization, it is useful to predict the prospective medium utilization before resources are allocated. This paper presents a self-learning concept, which is based on reinforcement learning. A simulative evaluation of rei…
Precision agriculture has been considered as a new technique to improve agricultural production and support sustainable development by preserving planet resource and minimizing pollution. By monitoring different parameters of interest in a cultivated field, wireless sensor network (WSN) enables real-time decision making with regard to issues such as management of water resources for irrigation, choosing the optimum point for harvesting, estimating fertilizer requirements and predicting crop yield more accurately. In spite the tremendous advanced of scalar WSN in recent year, scalar WSN cannot …
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is consisting of independent and distributed sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. However, the limited resources of sensors and hostile environments in which they could be deployed, make this type of networks vulnerable to several types of attacks similar to those occurring in ad hoc networks. The most crucial and fundamental challenge that WSN is facing is security. The primary subject of all my work is to address this issue. Due to minimum capacity in term of memory cost, processing and physical acce…
Thanks to its simplicity and cost efficiency, wireless local area network (WLAN) enjoys unique advantages in providing high-speed and low-cost wireless services in hot spots and indoor environments. Traditional WLAN medium-access-control (MAC) protocols assume that only one station can transmit at a time: simultaneous transmissions of more than one station causes the destruction of all packets involved. By exploiting recent advances in PHY-layer multiuser detection (MUD) techniques, it is possible for a receiver to receive multiple packets simultaneously. This paper argues that such multipacke…
We study multi-hop broadcast in wireless networks with one source node and multiple receiving nodes. The message flow from the source to the receivers can be modeled as a tree-graph, called broadcast-tree. The problem of finding the minimum-power broadcast-tree (MPBT) is NP-complete. Unlike most of the existing centralized approaches, we propose a decentralized algorithm, based on a non-cooperative cost-sharing game. In this game, every receiving node, as a player, chooses another node of the network as its respective transmitting node for receiving the message. Consequently, a cost is assigne…
Wesleyan University（卫斯理大学）；University of Connecticut（康涅狄格大学）；Fordham University（福特汉姆大学）
While routing in wireless networks has been studied extensively, existing protocols are typically designed for a specific set of network conditions and so cannot accommodate any drastic changes in those conditions. For instance, protocols designed for connected networks cannot be easily applied to disconnected networks. In this paper, we develop a distributed routing strategy based on deep reinforcement learning that generalizes to diverse traffic patterns, congestion levels, network connectivity, and link dynamics. We make the following key innovations in our design: (i) the use of relational…
Interference management has become a key factor in regulating transmissions in wireless communication networks. To support effective interference management schemes, it can be essential to have prior knowledge about the network topology. In this paper, we build on existing results in the literature on the simulation of the message passing model, and present an efficient strategy for fast discovery of the network topology during a pilot communication phase. More precisely, we investigate the minimum number of communication rounds that is needed to discover an arbitrary network topology with a m…
We investigate the condition on transmission radius needed to achieve connectivity in duty-cycled wireless sensor networks (briefly, DC-WSN). First, we settle a conjecture of Das et. al. (2012) and prove that the connectivity condition on Random Geometric Graphs (RGG), given by Gupta and Kumar (1989), can be used to derive a weak sufficient condition to achieve connectivity in DC-WSN. To find a stronger result, we define a new vertex-based random connection model which is of independent interest. Following a proof technique of Penrose (1991) we prove that when the density of the nodes approach…
The advent of miniature biosensors has generated numerous opportunities for deploying wireless sensor networks in healthcare. However, an important barrier is that acceptance by healthcare stakeholders is influenced by the effectiveness of privacy safeguards for personal and intimate information which is collected and transmitted over the air, within and beyond these networks. In particular, these networks are progressing beyond traditional sensors, towards also using multimedia sensors, which raise further privacy concerns. Paradoxically, less research has addressed privacy protection, compar…
Small cells have been proposed as a vehicle for wireless networks to keep up with surging demand. Small cells come with a significant challenge of providing backhaul to transport data to(from) a gateway node in the core network. Fiber based backhaul offers the high rates needed to meet this requirement, but is costly and time-consuming to deploy, when not readily available. Wireless backhaul is an attractive option for small cells as it provides a less expensive and easy-to-deploy alternative to fiber. However, there are multitude of bands and features (e.g. LOS/NLOS, spatial multiplexing etc.…
Properly locating sensor nodes is an important building block for a large subset of wireless sensor networks (WSN) applications. As a result, the performance of the WSN degrades significantly when misbehaving nodes report false location and distance information in order to fake their actual location. In this paper we propose a general distributed deterministic protocol for accurate identification of faking sensors in a WSN. Our scheme does \emph{not} rely on a subset of \emph{trusted} nodes that are not allowed to misbehave and are known to every node in the network. Thus, any subset of nodes …
