Heavy quarks (charm and bottom) are good probes of the hot and dense medium created in relativistic heavy ion collisions since they are mainly generated at the beginning of collisions and interact with the media in all collision stages. In addition, heavy flavor quarkonia production is thought to be uniquely sensitive to the deconfined medium of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) through color screening. Heavy quark production has been studied by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC via measurements of single leptons from semi-leptonic decays in both the electron channel at mid-rapidity and in the muon channel at forward-rapidity. Large suppression and azimuthal anisotropy of single electrons have been observed in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV. These results suggest a large energy loss and flow of the heavy quarks in the hot, dense matter. The PHENIX experiment has also measured J/psi production up to sqrt(s) = 200 GeV in p+p, d+Au, Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions, both at mid (|y|<0.35) and forward (1.2<|y|<2.2) rapidities. In the most energetic collisions (central Au+Au), more suppression is observed at forward rapidity than at central rapidity. This can be interpreted either as a sign of quark recombination, or as a hint of additional cold nuclear matter effects. The current status and understanding of all these measurements will be reviewed.
Quarkonia suppression in nucleus-nucleus collisions is a powerful tool to probe the density and temperature of the medium created in heavy ion collisions. Forward rapidity measurements in $p(d)$+Au collisions are essential to understand how quarkonia states are affected by initial state effects, formation time, and local particle multiplicity. Earlier measurements in Au+Au collisions showed a stronger suppression of forward $J/ψ$ compared to mid-rapidity results, indicating the possibility of a smaller contribution of regenerated quarkonia states at forward rapidity. These proceedings report o…
The PHENIX collaboration efforts towards constraining and understanding quarkonia production mechanisms are outlined. J/psi measurements and feed-down sources studies in p-p collisions at 200 GeV, together with their possible indications on the hadro-production mechanisms, are discussed. J/psi photo-production in ultra-peripheral collisions at 200 GeV is also examined. Finally, a glimpse of the first bottomonia results in minimum bias Au-Au collisions at 200 GeV and their implications are presented.
This contribution presents the latest results on heavy quarkonia (j/psi and upsilon) production in d+A and A+A collisions at RHIC at a center of mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV, measured by the PHENIX experiment, as well as their implications in terms of understanding cold nuclear matter effects and the possible formation of a quark gluon plasma in central $\auau$ collisions.}
Quarkonia (J/psi, psi', chi_C, Upsilon) production provides a sensitive probe of gluon distributions and their modification in nuclei; and is a leading probe of the hot-dense (deconfined) matter created in high-energy collisions of heavy ions. We will discuss the physics of quarkonia production in the context of recent p+p measurements at PHENIX. We next discuss Cold-Nuclear Matter (CNM) effects as seen in our measurements in $d+Au$ collisions - both for intrinsic physics such as gluon saturation and final-state dissociation, and as a baseline for studies in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Then we…
Quarkonia provide a sensitive probe of the properties of the hot dense medium created in high energy heavy ion collisions. Hard scattering processes result in the production of heavy quark pairs that interact with the collision medium during hadronization. These in-medium interactions convey information about the fundamental properties of the medium itself and can be used to examine the modification of the QCD confining potential in the collision environment. Baseline measurements from p+p and d+Au collision systems are used to distinguish cold nuclear matter effects while measurements from he…
The measurement of quarkonia production in relativistic heavy ion collisions provides a powerful tool for studying the properties of the hot and dense matter created in these collisions. To be really useful, however, such measurements must cover a wide range of quarkonia states and colliding species. The PHENIX experiment at RHIC has successfully measured J/psi, psi-prime, chi_c and Upsilon production in different colliding systems at various energies. In this talk I will present recent results from the PHENIX collaboration on charmonium production in d+Au, Cu+Au and U+U collisions at 200 GeV/…
We report new quarkonia measurements necessary to understand production mechanisms and cold nuclear matter effects in the yields observed at RHIC energy. Results obtained in p+p collisions collected during the 2006 RHIC Run include J/psi, Psi' and Upsilon differential cross sections as well as J/psi polarization. Revisited interpretations of the published J/psi nuclear modification factors and statistically improved observations in d+Au collisions taken in the 2008 Run are also discussed in the view of the recent understanding of the initial state effects and breakup cross section.
We present here a brief summary of new results on heavy quarks and heavy quarkonia from the PHENIX experiment as presented at the "Quark Gluon Plasma Thermalization" Workshop in Vienna, Austria in August 2005, directly following the International Quark Matter Conference in Hungary.
We report on two new measurements by the PHENIX collaboration regarding open heavy flavor. The first is an additional contribution to the background in the measurement of the yield of electrons at mid-rapidity from open heavy flavor decays. We found that the $J/Ψ$ can contribute substantially to the yield at high $p_T$. PHENIX has also measured the spectrum of muons at forward rapidity from open heavy flavor decays in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
We report recent results of strangeness and heavy flavor measurements from PHENIX. The topics are: Elliptic flow of strangeness and heavy flavor electron production comparing to the other hadrons, $ϕ$ meson production, and an exotic particle search.
The paper presents recent PHENIX results for the nuclear modification factor R_AA in Au + Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV for the electrons originating from semi-leptonic decays of open heavy flavor carrying particles. We also report the results of the azimuthal asymmetry (v_2) measurement for those electrons, which is directly related to the heavy quark elliptic flow.
Heavy quarks are good probes of the hot and dense medium created in relativistic heavy ion collisions since they are mainly generated early in the collision and interact with the medium in all collision stages. In addition, heavy flavor quarkonia production is thought to be uniquely sensitive to the deconfined medium of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) through color screening. Heavy quark production has been studied by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC via measurements of single leptons from semi-leptonic decays, in both the electron channel at mid-rapidity and in the muon channel at forward rapidity.…
The PHENIX experiment has measured single electron spectra at RHIC in proton-proton (p-p), deuteron-gold (d-Au), and gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions at an available energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of sqrt{s_NN} = 200 GeV. Contributions from photonic sources, i.e. Dalitz decays of light mesons and photon conversions, are subtracted from the inclusive spectra. The remaining non-photonic single electron spectra are dominated by semileptonic decays of particles carrying heavy flavor. Implications of these systematic measurements for heavy flavor production in cold and hot nuclear systems are discusse…
The dissociation of quarkonia in the medium created in heavy ion collisions is still one of the most debated topics in the heavy ion community. Progress in understanding the effect relies on a broad range of measurements in collisions with different nuclear sizes, covering a broad rapidity range. This presentation will report the $J/ψ$ measurements performed by the PHENIX collaboration at forward and backward rapidities of 1.2 $< |y| <$ 2.2 in $p$+Al, $p$+Au, and $^3$He+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, and the corresponding nuclear modification factors.
The PHENIX experiment at RHIC has measured single electron spectra in proton-proton, deuteron-gold and gold-gold collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV. The photonic contribution (photon conversions and Daltiz decays) is subtracted from the inclusive spectra resulting in non-photonic electron spectra. The principal source of non-photonic electrons is the semi-leptonic decay of charm and bottom mesons. The implications for heavy flavor production in hot and cold nuclear systems are discussed.
We will review the latest physics developments from PHENIX concentrating on cold nuclear matter effects, the initial state for heavy-ion collisions, and probes of the earliest stages of the hot-dense medium created in those collisions. Recent physics results from p + p and d + Au collisions; and from direct photons, quarkonia and low-mass vector mesons in A+A collisions will be highlighted. Insights from these measurements into the characteristics of the initial state and about the earliest times in heavy-ion collisions will be discussed.
The transverse momentum dependence of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v_{2}, the second harmonic of the azimuthal distribution, for electrons at mid-rapidity (|eta|<0.35) has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (|eta|=3-4). From the result we have calculated non-photonic electron v_{2}, which is expected to reflect the heavy-flavor azimuthal anisotropy, by subtracting v_{2} of electrons from other sources such as photon conversions, Dalitz decay etc.
The transverse momentum spectra, yields, and ratios of charged pions, protons, and antiprotons have been studied up to 5 GeV/c in $p_T$ in 5 different centrality classes in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. These results are compared and contrasted with the observables calculated in recombination models of hadronization. They are also used to examine the color charge dependence of parton energy loss in the medium.
One unexpected recent result from heavy-ion collisions is the large suppression and elliptic flow of electrons from heavy flavor decay. Further measurements of properties of electrons from heavy flavor decay are crucial to understanding the origin of this suppression and its implications for the properties of the hot matter produced at RHIC. Two particle correlations have been used extensively to study the propagation of hard partons through the produced matter in heavy-ion collisions. Measurements in p+p collisions are important both as reference for heavy ion measurements and to study heavy …
A study of heavy flavor production in different collision systems in various kinematic regions presents an opportunity to probe cold nuclear medium and hot dense matter effects. Results from the PHENIX experiment on $J/ψ$ and open charm production in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ =200 GeV are presented. The data show strong $J/ψ$ suppression in central AA collisions, similar to NA50 results, and strong suppression in high $p_T$ open charm production. The $J/ψ$ production in Au+Au and d+Au collisions is compared to understand the cold nuclear medium effects. The data show signif…
Heavy quarkonia production is expected to be sensitive to the formation of a quark gluon plasma (QGP). The PHENIX experiment has measured $J/ψ$ production at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$~200 GeV in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions, as well as in reference p+p and d+Au runs. $J/ψ$'s were measured both at mid ($|y|<0.35$) and forward ($1.2<|y|<2.2$) rapidity. In this letter, we present the A+A preliminary results and compare them to normal cold nuclear matter expectations derived from PHENIX d+Au and p+p measurements as well as to theoretical models including various effects (color screening, recombination, seque…
High energy heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) produce a novel medium characterized by an initial energy density over an order of magnitude above the expected phase transformation value and that then evolves as a nearly inviscid liquid. Probing the medium with auto-generated particles is a key methodology to quantitatively determine the medium properties. Pairs of heavy quarks are an excellent probe since their spatial separation to form various quarkonia states spans the relevant range of color screening lengths in the medium. In this proceedings, we describe r…
Throughout the history of the RHIC physics program, questions concerning the dynamics of heavy quarks have generated much experimental and theoretical investigation. A major focus of the PHENIX experiment is the measurement of these quarks through their semi-leptonic decay channels at mid and forward rapidity. Heavy quark measurements in $p+p$ collisions give information on the production of heavy flavor, without complications from medium effects. New measurements in $d+$Au and Cu+Cu indicate surprising cold nuclear matter effects on these quarks at midrapidity, and provide a new baseline for …
In recent years, PHENIX has studied many important observables related to heavy-flavor physics through their leptonic decay measurements including the invariant yield of electrons from nonphotonic sources, and prompt single muons, both of which are dominated by D and B mesons. Charm and beauty cross-sections were measured and compared through single lepton, and lepton-hadron correlations in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV. Observables for quarkonia production such as invariant yield and polarization were also measured in p+p collisions. In Au+Au collisions, preliminary results for the $…
The PHENIX experiment uses semileptonic decay channels to measure open and closed heavy flavor cross sections across the rapidity range $-2.2 < y < 2.4$. High luminosity data are now available for p+p, d+Au, Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV, and for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 62 GeV. We discuss recent d+Au results for open heavy flavor and $J/ψ$ production, and discuss their implications for the cold nuclear matter contributions to heavy flavor production in heavy ion collisions.
Cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects provide an important baseline for the interpretation of data in heavy ion collisions. Such effects include nuclear shadowing, Cronin effect, and initial patron energy loss, and it is interesting to study the dependence on impact parameter and kinematic region. Heavy quark production is a good measurement to probe the CNM effects particularly on gluons, since heavy quarks are mainly produced via gluon fusions at RHIC energy. The PHENIX experiment has experiment has ability to study the CNM effects by measuring heavy quark production in $d$$+$Au collisions at va…
The measurement of the nuclear modification factor ($R_{\rm AA}$) for heavy-flavor production in heavy-ion collisions tests predictions for cold- and hot-nuclear-matter effects. Heavy-flavor production in \pp\ collisions tests pQCD calculations and serves as a reference for understanding heavy-flavor production in heavy-ion collisions. Using the PHENIX muon-arm spectrometers, the transverse momentum spectra of inclusive muon candidates are measured for \pp\ and $\cucu$ collisions at $\snn = 200$\,GeV. After subtracting backgrounds, we obtain the measured invariant yields of negative muons from…
Quarkonia provide a sensitive probe of the properties of the hot dense medium created in high energy heavy ion collisions. Hard scattering processes result in the production of heavy quark pairs that interact with the collision medium during hadronization. These in medium interactions convey information about the fundamental properties of the medium itself and can be used to examine the modification of the QCD confining potential in the collision environment. Baseline measurements from the d+Au and p+p collision systems can be used to distinguish cold nuclear matter effects while measurements …
Heavy quarks are a valuable probe of the hot, dense medium created in a heavy ion collision, and are an important test of proposed mechanisms of energy loss. It was discovered that single non-photonic electrons are suppressed at a similar level to light hadrons, implying a comparable level of energy loss between light and heavy partons. Because theory has had a difficult time explaining the level of heavy quark energy loss, it is crucial to better understand charm and bottom suppression. Electron-hadron correlations have been used at PHENIX to study heavy flavor in both p+p and Au+Au collision…
Charm and bottom quarks are formed predominantly by gluon fusion in the initial hard scatterings at RHIC, making them good probes of the full medium evolution. Previous measurements at RHIC have shown large suppression and azimuthal anisotropy of open heavy-flavor hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200~{\rm GeV}$. Explaining the simultaneously large suppression and flow of heavy quarks has been challenging. To further understand the heavy-flavor transport in the hot and dense medium, it is imperative to also measure cold nuclear matter effects which affect the initial distribution o…
Heavy quarkonia production is predicted to be sensitive to the formation of the quark gluon plasma in relativistic heavy ion collisions via competing mechanisms such as color screening and/or quark recombination. During 2004 and 2005 RHIC data taking periods, the PHENIX collaboration has measured jpsi decay into lepton pairs both at mid and forward rapidity in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV. We present the jpsi nuclear modification factor and the $\jpsi$ mean square transverse momentum as a function of the collision centrality for both systems, as well as the rapidity de…
The production of different quarkonium states provides unique insight to the hot and cold nuclear matter effects in the strongly interacting medium that is formed in high energy heavy ion collisions. While LHC explores the energy frontier, RHIC has a broad physics program to explore the nuclear modification at different energies in a wide range of systems. Some of the most interesting recent results on $J/ψ$ and $Υ$ production in p+p, d+Au and A+A collisions from PHENIX and STAR are summarized in this work.
Three measurements that broaden the scope of the experimental investigation of quarkonia modifications in heavy ion collisions are presented. Although the current statistical precision on the first two measurements does not allow one to draw significant conclusions, J/$ψ$ elliptic flow and high pT suppression results are important proofs of principle measurements, and make the case for higher luminosities at RHIC. Finally, the first measurement of an upper limit on the nuclear modification R_AA of dielectrons in the $Υ$ mass region in Au+Au collisions is presented. The results show a significa…
The measurement of single leptons from the semi-leptonic decay of heavy-flavor hadrons has long been a means for studying heavy-quark production. PHENIX has measured single muons in pp collisions at forward rapidity and single electrons in both pp and AuAu collisions at mid-rapidity at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV. The most recent PHENIX single lepton results are presented in the context of state-of-the-art pQCD calculations. An updated azimuthal anisotropy, v2(pT), measurement for heavy-flavor single electrons in AuAu collisions is also presented.
We summarize and discuss some of the experimental and theoretical results on heavy flavor, quarkonia, and electro-weak probes presented at Quark Matter 2012.
Hadrons carrying heavy quarks, i.e. charm or bottom, are important probes of the hot and dense medium created in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Heavy quark-antiquark pairs are mainly produced in initial hard scattering processes of partons. While some of the produced pairs form bound quarkonia, the vast majority hadronize into particles carrying open heavy flavor. Heavy quark production has been studied by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC via measurements of single leptons from semi-leptonic decays in both the electron channel at mid-rapidity and in the muon channel at forward rapidity. A lar…
Heavy flavor production is an ideal tool to study the properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). The heavy flavor production at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has its unique kinematic coverage and different production mechanisms from the Larger Hadron Collider (LHC) measurements. Heavy flavor products created in heavy ion collisions experience the whole evolution of nuclear medium. It's critical to measure both open and closed heavy flavor products in different collision systems to isolate cold/hot nuclear medium effects and initial/final state interactions. We report recent heavy…
The heavy quarks produced in the early stage of heavy-ion collisions are very effective probes of the dense partonic medium produced at RHIC. PHENIX has the ability to measure heavy quark production through single electrons in the central arm spectrometers ($|η|<0.35$) and single muons in the forward (backward) muon spectrometers ($1.2<|η|<2.2$). As these single leptons are from open heavy-flavor meson semi-leptonic decays, initial state cold nuclear matter effects on heavy quark production can be probed by measuring the single leptons in $d$$+$Au collisions. PHENIX have observed a large enhan…
Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）；Brookhaven National Laboratory（布鲁克海文国家实验室）；Los Alamos National Laboratory（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室）
To interpret the measurements in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) it is crucial to understand the initial state of the colliding gold (Au) nuclei. The parton distribution in Au nuclei is modified compared to protons, and their isospin composition is different due to the presence of neutrons. d+Au collisions at RHIC at the same collision energies are an important tool to study initial state modifications. PHENIX has measured pi0, eta, and reconstructed jets at high transverse momentum. These data are compared to predictions from nuclear parton distribution func…
PHENIX measures leptons at mid and forward rapidities and extracts leptons resulting from semi-leptonic decays of heavy quarks. We present PHENIX results related to heavy quark production, specifically the invariant cross section of the non-photonic single electrons produced at midrapidity in p+p and d+Au collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 200 GeV. The measured cross section for {\it p+p} collisions is compared with the NLO prediction, and a possible excess over the prediction is noted. The measured cross section for {\it d+Au} collisions scales with the number of colliding nucleon pairs from the {\it …
From the wealth of data obtained from the first three years of RHIC operation, the four RHIC experiments, BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS and STAR, have concluded that a high density partonic matter is formed at central Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The research focus now shifts from initial discovery to a detailed exploration of partonic matter. Particles carrying heavy flavor, i.e. charm or beauty quarks, are powerful tool for study the properties of the hot and dense medium created in high-energy nuclear collisions at RHIC. At the relatively low transverse momentum region, the collective motion of th…
Over the last decade it has been established that a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is formed in ultrarelativistic A+A collisions at RHIC energies. In recent years, detector upgrades have enabled the detailed study of this hot and dense matter. Important probes, among others, are direct photons and heavy flavor observables. Although the RHIC d+Au program was originally undertaken to study initial state and cold nuclear matter effects, recent measurements at both RHIC (d+Au) and the LHC (p+Pb) have found evidence for collective phenomena in these small systems.
We present results on identified particle production in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV at mid-rapidity measured by the PHENIX experiment. The centrality and flavor dependence of the Cronin effect in d+Au collisions is measured. The Cronin effect for the protons in d+Au is larger than that for the pions, but not large enough to account for the ``anomalous'' proton to pion ratio in central Au+Au collisions.
In our quest to win a deeper understanding of how QCD actually works, the study of the binding of heavy quarkonia and heavy-flavor hadrons to atomic nuclei offers enormous promise. Modern experimental facilities such as FAIR, Jefferson Lab at 12 GeV and J-PARC offer exciting new experimental opportunities to study such systems. These experimental advances are complemented by new theoretical approaches and predictions, which will both guide these experimental efforts and be informed and improved by them. This review will outline the main theoretical approaches, beginning with QCD itself, summar…
This paper presents the CMS measurements of quarkonia and open heavy flavor production in \pp, \pPb, and \PbPb collisions at \sqrtsnn = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV. A brief outlook of the near-future CMS heavy flavor physics analyses is provided at the end.
Heavy flavor and quarkona production are important hard probes to test the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and measure the properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in high energy heavy ion collisions. The new PHENIX mid- and forward-rapidity silicon vertex detectors provide precise Distance of Closest Approach (DCA) determination, allowing charm and bottom yields identification, and improve di-muon mass resolution for charmonia studies. The relative $ψ(2S)$ over $J/ψ$(1S) yields measured in $p$+$p$, $p$+Al and $p$+Au data at $\sqrt{s}=$200 GeV help us to understand final state effects o…
Recent results indicate that the J/psi suppression pattern differs with rapidity showing a larger suppression at forward rapidity. J/psi suppression mechanisms based on energy density (such as color screening, interaction with co-movers, etc.) predict the opposite trend. On the other hand, it is expected that more c\bar{c} pairs should be available to form quarkonia at mid-rapidity via recombination. Some models provide a way to differentiate J/psi production from initially produced c\bar{c} pairs and final state recombination of uncorrelated pairs, via the rapidity and transverse momentum dep…
Measurement of electrons from heavy quarks by PHENIX has been done for various collision species and energy.PHENIX has measured single electron spectra from heavy flavor decays in Au+Au collisions at $sqrt{S_{NN}} = 200$ GeV.The measurement of heavy flavor production for p + p in PHENIX has also been measured which provided the baseline for studying hot and dense matter effects in heavy ion reactions. In Au + Au we observe a strong suppression of single electron compared with scaled p + p which challenges radiative energy loss models because heavy quarksare expected to radiate less than light …
At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), key insights into the bulk properties of the hot and dense partonic matter arise from the study of azimuthal anisotropy (v_2) of the produced particles. The v_2 values indicate that the matter undergoes rapid thermalization and behaves hydrodynamically at low p_T. Furthermore, the quark scaling of v_2 for different particle species suggests that thermalization occurs at the quark level and that v_2 is the same for all quark flavors. Recently, higher order harmonic measurements (v_3, v_4) have shown the potential for insights into the medium's init…
In these proceedings, we report on the production of various open heavy-flavor hadrons and quarkonia in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 200GeV from the STAR experiment.
The PHENIX collaboration has developed novel methodologies for reliable extraction of jet functions from two and three particle azimuthal correlation functions measured at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt s=200$ GeV. The extracted jet shape and the yield of jet-associated partner hadrons (per trigger hadron) are found to vary with particle type and collision centrality, indicating a significant effect of the nuclear collision medium on the (di)jet fragmentation process.
Quarks of heavy flavors are useful tool to study quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. Due to their high mass and early production time, heavy quarks experience the entire evolution of the system created in these collisions. Open heavy flavor meson measurements are sensitive to the energy loss in the QGP, while quarkonia are sensitive to the temperature of the QGP as they dissociate because of Debye-like screening of color charges. This presentation is a summary of the latest heavy flavor studies performed at RHIC. Results from both STAR and PHENIX experiments are presented, comp…
The double-helicity asymmetries ($A_{LL}$) of $π^{+}$ and $π^{-}$ production in polarized proton proton collisions are specially interesting probes of the gluon's polarization. Relative differences among $A_{LL}$ of positive, neutral, and negative pions at high transverse momentum are sensitive to the sign and of magnitude of $Δ$G. Quark-gluon (qg) scattering starts to dominate mid-rapidity pion production at RHIC at transverse momenta above 5GeV/c. In this kinematic region the favored and unfavored fragmentation functions for each pion species are sensitive to both the gluon and the quark dis…
We present the first measurements of the nuclear modification factor (RAA) for flavor-separated b, c-quark electrons in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The newly installed Silicon Vertex Tracker is used to measure the distance of closest approach distributions of electrons at midrapidity (|eta|< 0.35) over the transverse momentum range 1 < pt < 5 GeV/c. From this, the relative fraction of bottom (b) and charm (c) quarks is determined in both the p+p and Au+Au collision systems, which form the basis of the measured RAA . In p+p, we observe that a FONLL perturbative QCD calculation of b->e/(c->e+b-…
We summarize the recent experimental results of heavy favor physics from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) at Long Island, New York, USA.We will discuss the directly reconstructed open charm mesons as well as electrons from heavy favor hadron decays. The charm and bottom quark production cross-sections have also been measured. We will also discuss JPsi and Upsilon states in p+p and heavy ion collisions. The studies described here were carried out and reported by the STAR and PHENIX collaborations at RHIC.
Heavy flavor production in hadronic collisions is dominated by gluonic processes and so is a sensitive probe of the gluon structure function in the nucleon and its modification in nuclei. A study of heavy flavor production in p+p and d+Au collisions in various kinematic regions presents an opportunity to probe cold nuclear medium effects; parton shadowing, color glass condensate, initial state energy loss, and coherent multiple scattering in final state interactions. The PHENIX muon arms cover both forward and backward directions in the rapidity range of $1.2 < |η| < 2.4$. We investigate singl…
The heavy flavor studies at RHIC help improve the knowledge of the bottom/charm quark production and can test Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Compared to the LHC/Tevatron, the RHIC heavy flavor production originates from different partonic sub-processes and has a complementary kinematic coverage. The PHENIX forward rapidity silicon vertex detector (FVTX) provides precise determination of the event vertex, tracking and the Distance of Closest Approach (DCA) of charged tracks. This detector allows direct access to the $B$ meson production via measurements of non-prompt $J/ψ\to μ^{+} + μ^{-}$ withi…
