RHIC上的重味与夸克偶素
Heavy Flavors and Quarkonia at RHIC
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）
- Brookhaven National Laboratory（布鲁克海文国家实验室）
- Los Alamos National Laboratory（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文综述RHIC前二十年200 GeV碰撞中PHENIX与STAR实验的重味及夸克偶素测量，揭示QGP性质，展望其与未来EIC的协同研究前景。
AI中文摘要：
在RHIC的200 GeV金-金碰撞中发现近完美流体——强耦合夸克胶子等离子体（QGP）后，理解其微观结构与输运性质成为相对论重离子物理的核心目标。含粲或底夸克的重味粒子对QGP具有独特探测灵敏度，因其主要产生于初始硬散射，且在介质演化全程与介质相互作用。本综述总结了PHENIX与STAR实验对开重味粒子及夸克偶素的测量，重点关注RHIC运行前二十年记录的200 GeV碰撞数据，讨论了粲、底夸克及夸克偶素产生截面的关键结果、小碰撞系统中的冷核物质效应、开重味强子的核修正因子与椭圆流、粲重子-介子产生比值，以及金-金碰撞中夸克偶素态的压低模式。我们进一步阐述由此获得的QGP性质相关见解，包括重夸克输运、强子化机制，以及介质中夸克偶素的解离与再生。最后，我们探讨RHIC重味项目的未来前景——得益于STAR与sPHENIX实验收集的大数据集，该项目将与未来电子离子对撞机（EIC）形成强协同效应，EIC对电子-质子及电子-核碰撞中重味产生的精确测量，将为QCD物质结构提供互补约束。
英文摘要：
After the discovery of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a nearly perfect fluid, in 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC, understanding its microscopic structure and transport properties has become a central goal of relativistic heavy-ion physics. Heavy-flavor particles, containing charm or bottom quarks, provide unique sensitivity to the QGP because they are produced predominantly in the initial hard scatterings and interact with the medium throughout its evolution. This review summarizes measurements of open heavy flavor and quarkonia by the PHENIX and STAR experiments, focusing primarily on 200 GeV collisions recorded during the first two decades of RHIC operations. We discuss key results on charm, bottom, and quarkonium production cross sections; cold nuclear matter effects in small collision systems; nuclear modification factors and elliptic flow of open heavy-flavor hadrons; charm baryon-to-meson production ratios; and the suppression patterns of quarkonium states in Au+Au collisions. We further highlight the resulting insights into the properties of the QGP, including heavy-quark transport, hadronization mechanisms, and quarkonium dissociation and regeneration in the medium. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of the RHIC heavy-flavor program, enabled by the large data sets collected by the STAR and sPHENIX experiments, and its strong synergy with the future Electron-Ion Collider, where precision measurements of heavy-flavor production in electron--proton and electron--nucleus collisions will provide complementary constraints on the structure of QCD matter.
