癌症体细胞进化的博弈论视角
A Game Theoretical Perspective on the Somatic Evolution of Cancer
摘要：
环境和基因突变可以将合作健康组织中的细胞转化为竞争空间和资源的个体化肿瘤细胞生态系统。各种选择力负责驱动肿瘤中的细胞向更恶性和更具侵略性的表型进化，这些表型往往比老年群体具有适应性优势。虽然癌症的进化本质已经被认识了三十多年（自从Nowell的开创性工作以来），但直到最近，生态学和进化研究人员传统上使用的工具才被采用来研究能够合作和竞争的个体群体中癌症表型的进化。在这一章中，我们将描述博弈论作为一个重要的工具来研究出现的细胞表型在肿瘤，并将严格审查其在癌症研究中的一些应用。这些应用表明，博弈论可用于了解体细胞癌症演变的动力学，并提出新的治疗方法，其中这些知识可用于获得对肿瘤演变的一些控制。
英文摘要：
Environmental and genetic mutations can transform the cells in a co-operating healthy tissue into an ecosystem of individualistic tumour cells that compete for space and resources. Various selection forces are responsible for driving the evolution of cells in a tumour towards more malignant and aggressive phenotypes that tend to have a fitness advantage over the older populations. Although the evolutionary nature of cancer has been recognised for more than three decades (ever since the seminal work of Nowell) it has been only recently that tools traditionally used by ecological and evolutionary researchers have been adopted to study the evolution of cancer phenotypes in populations of individuals capable of co-operation and competition. In this chapter we will describe game theory as an important tool to study the emergence of cell phenotypes in a tumour and will critically review some of its applications in cancer research. These applications demonstrate that game theory can be used to understand the dynamics of somatic cancer evolution and suggest new therapies in which this knowledge could be applied to gain some control over the evolution of the tumour.
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