精子在二维空间中的协同作用：通过流体动力学相互作用的同步、吸引和聚集
Cooperation of Sperm in Two Dimensions: Synchronization, Attraction and Aggregation through Hydrodynamic Interactions
摘要：
低雷诺数下游动的精子在体内高浓度或离体接近底物时，具有较强的流体动力学相互作用。跳动的尾巴不仅推动精子通过流体，而且还创造了精子相互作用的流场。利用基于粒子的介观模拟方法--多粒子碰撞动力学（MPC）研究了二维流体中精子的相互作用和协同行为。我们通过研究跳动相位差与精子相对位置之间的关系以及能量消耗来分析精子的行为。流体动力相互作用的两个效果，同步和吸引力。有了这些流体动力学效应，一个多精子系统表现出群体行为的平均集群大小的拍频分布的宽度上的幂律依赖。
英文摘要：
Sperm swimming at low Reynolds number have strong hydrodynamic interactions when their concentration is high in vivo or near substrates in vitro. The beating tails not only propel the sperm through a fluid, but also create flow fields through which sperm interact with each other. We study the hydrodynamic interaction and cooperation of sperm embedded in a two-dimensional fluid by using a particle-based mesoscopic simulation method, multi-particle collision dynamics (MPC). We analyze the sperm behavior by investigating the relationship between the beating-phase difference and the relative sperm position, as well as the energy consumption. Two effects of hydrodynamic interaction are found, synchronization and attraction. With these hydrodynamic effects, a multi-sperm system shows swarm behavior with a power-law dependence of the average cluster size on the width of the distribution of beating frequencies.
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