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arXiv 0810.4565astro-ph
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Bell Cosmic Ray电流驱动不稳定性的非线性研究

Non-linear Study of Bell's Cosmic Ray Current-driven Instability

Mario A. Riquelme, Anatoly Spitkovsky

摘要:

由Bell(2004)预测的宇宙射线电流驱动(CRCD)不稳定性包括由宇宙射线(CR)的电流驱动的非共振、增长的等离子体波,这些电流沿着相对论和非相对论冲击之前的磁场流动。结合一个分析,动力学模型与一维,二维和三维粒子在细胞中的模拟,我们确认存在这种不稳定的动力学制度,并确定其饱和机制。在线性制度,我们表明,如果背景等离子体是很好的磁化,CRCD波的增长率和波长预测的色散关系的解析。磁化条件意味着不稳定性的增长率远小于离子回旋频率。当不稳定性变成非线性时,在等离子体中形成显著的湍流。这种湍流降低了场的增长率,并抑制了最短波长的模,使主波长λ_d与场的平方成比例地增长。在恒电流条件下,等离子体沿回旋共振器运动的加速使磁场水平的不稳定性饱和,使得v_A ~ v_{d,cr},其中v_A为放大场中的阿尔芬速度,v_{d,cr}为回旋共振器的漂移速度.如果CR受到放大场的强烈偏转,当它们的拉莫尔半径接近λ_d时,不稳定性也会提前饱和。我们将这些结果的情况下,在上游介质中的超新星遗迹的CR。仅考虑从激波中逃逸出来的能量最大的CR,我们得到场放大因子可以达到~10。这证实了CRCD不稳定性是天体物理冲击中磁放大过程的重要组成部分。

英文摘要:

The cosmic ray current-driven (CRCD) instability, predicted by Bell (2004), consists of non-resonant, growing plasma waves driven by the electric current of cosmic rays (CRs) that stream along the magnetic field ahead of both relativistic and non-relativistic shocks. Combining an analytic, kinetic model with one-, two-, and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we confirm the existence of this instability in the kinetic regime and determine its saturation mechanisms. In the linear regime, we show that, if the background plasma is well magnetized, the CRCD waves grow exponentially at the rates and wavelengths predicted by the analytic dispersion relation. The magnetization condition implies that the growth rate of the instability is much smaller than the ion cyclotron frequency. As the instability becomes non-linear, significant turbulence forms in the plasma. This turbulence reduces the growth rate of the field and damps the shortest wavelength modes, making the dominant wavelength, λ_d, grow proportional to the square of the field. At constant CR current, we find that plasma acceleration along the motion of CRs saturates the instability at the magnetic field level such that v_A ~ v_{d,cr}, where v_A is the Alfven velocity in the amplified field, and v_{d,cr} is the drift velocity of CRs. The instability can also saturate earlier if CRs get strongly deflected by the amplified field, which happens when their Larmor radii get close to λ_d. We apply these results to the case of CRs in the upstream medium of supernova remnants. Considering only the most energetic CRs that escape from the shock, we obtain that the field amplification factor of ~10 can be reached. This confirms the CRCD instability as a potentially important component of magnetic amplification process in astrophysical shocks.

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