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arXiv 0810.4552astro-ph
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地球弓形激波中的非热电子:一个“渐变”事件

Non-thermal Electrons at the Earth's Bow Shock: A `Gradual' Event

M. Oka, T. Terasawa, M. Fujimoto, H. Matsui, Y. Kasaba, Y. Saito, H. Kojima, H. Matsumoto, T. Mukai

摘要:

已知地球的弓形激波会产生非热电子,通常在其通量分布图中观察到“尖峰”。在这里,在本文中,我们提出了一个准垂直激波交叉,是超临界的,但亚临界所谓的哨声临界马赫数,M $^w_{\rm crit}$,以上的哨声波不能向上传播的电子和哨声波的性质的分析。我们已经发现,哨声波的振幅增加指数作为时间的函数之前,冲击遇到,而超热($>$ 2 keV)电子通量同样随时间增加,虽然不同的$e$折叠的时间尺度。斜坡内测量的电子能谱与扩散冲击加速理论的预测比较差,但俯仰角分布的变化表明,在上游区域的非热电子的散射。虽然没有找到一个具体的机制来解释电子扩散,我们认为,看到的哨声可能占观察到的差异之间的“渐进”事件和“尖峰”事件看到的冲击没有上游哨声。

英文摘要:

Earth's bow shock is known to produce non-thermal electrons which are generally observed as a `spike' in their flux profile. Here, in this paper, we present an analysis of electron and whistler wave properties for a quasi-perpendicular shock crossing that is supercritical, but subcritical to the so-called whistler critical Mach number, M$^w_{\rm crit}$, above which whistler waves cannot propagate upstream. We have found that the amplitudes of whistler waves increased exponentially as a function of time prior to the shock encounter, while the suprathermal ($>$ 2 keV) electron flux similarly increased with time, although with differing $e$-folding time scales. Comparison of the electron energy spectrum measured within the ramp with predictions from diffusive shock acceleration theory was poor, but the variation of pitch angle distribution showed scattering of non-thermal electrons in the upstream region. While not finding a specific mechanism to account for the electron diffusion, we suggest that the whistlers seen probably account for the differences observed between this `gradual' event and the `spike' events seen at shocks with no upstream whistlers.

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