重建吉他：用脉冲星弓激波回流吹泡泡
Reconstructing the Guitar: Blowing Bubbles with a Pulsar Bow Shock Back Flow
摘要：
吉他星云是一个H-α星云，由一颗非常快的脉冲星PSR B2224+65的相对论风与星际介质相互作用产生。它由头部附近的冲压压力约束的弓形激波和后面的一系列半圆形气泡组成，其中两个最大的气泡形成了吉他的主体。我们提出了一个方案，在这种特殊的形态是由于不稳定的脉冲星弓形激波的回流。从模拟中，这些回流看起来类似于喷流，它们的动能占脉冲星相对论风总能量的很大一部分。我们认为，像射流一样，这些流动在下游的某个距离处变得不稳定，导致动能迅速耗散成热，并形成膨胀的气泡。我们表明，在这种情况下，气泡的大小，速度和表面亮度主要取决于可观测值，它们大致匹配的吉他。类似的不稳定性可以解释在其他弓形激波中看到的特征。
英文摘要：
The Guitar Nebula is an H-alpha nebula produced by the interaction of the relativistic wind of a very fast pulsar, PSR B2224+65, with the interstellar medium. It consists of a ram-pressure confined bow shock near its head and a series of semi-circular bubbles further behind, the two largest of which form the body of the Guitar. We present a scenario in which this peculiar morphology is due to instabilities in the back flow from the pulsar bow shock. From simulations, these back flows appear similar to jets and their kinetic energy is a large fraction of the total energy in the pulsar's relativistic wind. We suggest that, like jets, these flows become unstable some distance down-stream, leading to rapid dissipation of the kinetic energy into heat, and the formation of an expanding bubble. We show that in this scenario the sizes, velocities, and surface brightnesses of the bubbles depend mostly on observables, and that they match roughly what is seen for the Guitar. Similar instabilities may account for features seen in other bow shocks.
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