用光谱变换冷却光晶格中的超冷玻色子
Cooling ultracold bosons in optical lattices by spectral transform
摘要：
本文从理论上说明了如何在紧束缚极限下直接得到光晶格中弱相互作用玻色子气体的能量分布。这是通过向适当制备的晶格添加线性电势，并允许气体在总电势的影响下逸出来实现的。在规定的时间之后，实现光谱变换，其中每个（高度非局部）能量状态被变换到晶格的不同位置，从而允许能量分布在真实空间中（非破坏性地）成像。进化两倍的时间使原子返回到它们的初始状态。结果表明，有效的方法来测量温度在原位，以及冷却原子内的晶格：应用光谱变换后，只需删除原子从所有，但一些晶格位置。使用精确的数值计算，相互作用的影响和错误的应用程序中的晶格进行检查。
英文摘要：
It is shown theoretically how to directly obtain the energy distribution of a weakly interacting gas of bosons confined in an optical lattice in the tight-binding limit. This is accomplished by adding a linear potential to a suitably prepared lattice, and allowing the gas to evolve under the influence of the total potential. After a prescribed time, a spectral transform is effected where each (highly non-local) energy state is transformed into a distinct site of the lattice, thus allowing the energy distribution to be (non-destructively) imaged in real space. Evolving for twice the time returns the atoms to their initial state. The results suggest efficient methods to both measure the temperature in situ, as well as to cool atoms within the lattice: after applying the spectral transform one simply needs to remove atoms from all but a few lattice sites. Using exact numerical calculations, the effects of interactions and errors in the application of the lattice are examined.
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