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arXiv 0810.4379astro-ph
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在雨燕爆发的X射线余辉中探测到的两种类型的软化:内部和外部冲击源?

Two types of softening detected in X-ray afterglows of Swift bursts: internal and external shock origins?

Y. -P. Qin, A. C. Gupta, J. H. Fan, R. -J. Lu

摘要:

在雨燕爆发早期X射线余辉的急剧衰减阶段观察到的软化过程自发现以来一直是一个谜。在爆炸的后期也可以观察到软化过程,其原因也是未知的。最近,有人提出,受曲率效应的影响,来自高纬度的辐射将使带函数谱从高能带移动到低能带,这将引起所观察到的软化过程,伴随着通量密度的急剧衰减。曲率效应情景预测软化过程的终止时间与软化过程的持续时间相关。本文根据UNLV GRB小组网站上的数据,发现这两个量之间存在明显的相关性。此外,还发现软化过程可分为两类:早期型软化($t_{s,max}\leq "4000"s$)和晚期型软化($t_{s,max} > "4000"s$)。这两种类型的软化在持续时间与终止时间图中显示出不同的行为。在软化过程中通量密度和谱指数的变化率之间的关系中,也观察到两种软化类型之间的差异。根据它们的时间尺度和它们之间的差异,我们认为这两种类型是不同的起源:早期型是内部冲击起源,晚期型是外部冲击起源。早期软化是指在瞬发辐射之后的陡峭衰变,而晚期衰变通常设想从平坦衰变到晚期余辉衰变的转变。我们怀疑这两类样品的洛伦兹因子有很大的差异,这是造成这种差异的原因。

英文摘要:

The softening process observed in the steep decay phase of early X-ray afterglows of Swift bursts has remained a puzzle since its discovery. The softening process can also be observed in the later phase of the bursts and its cause has also been unknown. Recently, it was suggested that, influenced by the curvature effect, emission from high latitudes would shift the Band function spectrum from higher energy band to lower band, and this would give rise to the observed softening process accompanied by a steep decay of the flux density. The curvature effect scenario predicts that the terminating time of the softening process would be correlated with the duration of the process. In this paper, based on the data from the UNLV GRB group web-site, we found an obvious correlation between the two quantities. In addition, we found that the softening process can be divided into two classes: the early type softening ($t_{s,max}\leq "4000"s$) and the late type softening ($t_{s,max} > "4000"s$). The two types of softening show different behaviors in the duration vs. terminating time plot. In the relation between the variation rates of the flux density and spectral index during the softening process, a discrepancy between the two types of softening is also observed. According to their time scales and the discrepancy between them, we propose that the two types are of different origins: the early type is of internal shock origin and the late type is of external shock origin. The early softening is referred to the steep decay just following the prompt emission, whereas the late decay typically conceives the transition from flat decay to late afterglow decay. We suspect that there might be a great difference of the Lorentz factor in two classes which is responsible for the observed discrepancy.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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