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arXiv 0810.3920astro-ph
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遮蔽AGN粒子数对辐射效率的宇宙学影响

The cosmological consequence of an obscured AGN population on the radiation efficiency

Alejo Martinez-Sansigre, Andrew M. Taylor

摘要:

鉴于最近的迹象表明,一个大的人口模糊的活动星系核(AGN),我们重新审视的平均辐射效率吸积到超大质量黑洞(SMBHs),,应用bavelet的方法。我们使用活动星系核发射的积分共动能量密度,并将其与局部SMBH的质量密度进行比较。当只考虑光学选择的无遮蔽活动星系核时,我们得到log_(10)=-1.77+0.16-0.11或log_(10)=1.7+0.8- 0.4%。利用硬X射线选择的活动星系核,包括未吸收的和康普顿薄吸收的活动星系核,我们发现log_(10)=-1.20+0.15-0.10或r_(10)=6.4+2.6- 1.3%。使用光学选择的活动星系核,并校正模糊的人口,我们推断log_10[]=-1.17+0.11-0.08或=6.7+1.9- 1.1%,我们认为这是我们的最佳估计。我们还对本征发光活动星系核(M_B<-23,类星体)进行了同样的计算,并与局域椭圆星系中SMBH的质量密度进行了比较,得到log_(10)=-1.27+0.15-0.11或log_(10)=5.4+2.2- 1.2%。我们讨论了我们的研究结果可以用来估计吸积SMBHs的平均自旋,既假设到黑洞吸积的标准薄盘模型,也比较最近的模拟。我们的结果可以排除最大旋转SMBH(<a>=0.998 Gm_bh/c^2)在&gt;=98%的置信水平,以及高旋转值(<a>&gt;=0.9 Gm_bh/c^2)在&gt;=92%的置信水平。我们认为的Gm<a>_bh/c^2的值约为0.25-0.60 Gm_bh/c^2,尽管这些值也可能被高估。因此,我们发现,平均而言,SMBH在吸积过程中不会快速旋转。最后,使用一个独立的测量爱丁顿比,我们估计SMBH的电子折叠时间为最亮的活动星系核(类星体)<tau>=100+151-60百万年。

英文摘要:

In light of recent indications for a large population of obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we revisit the mean radiation efficiency from accretion onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs), epsilon, applying a bayesian approach. We use the integrated comoving energy density emitted by AGNs and compare it to the mass density of local SMBHs. When considering only optically-selected unobscured AGNs, we derive log_10[epsilon]=-1.77+0.16-0.11 or epsilon=1.7+0.8-0.4%. Using the AGNs selected using hard X-rays, which include unabsorbed and Compton-thin absorbed AGNs, we find log_10[epsilon]=-1.20+0.15-0.10 or epsilon=6.4+2.6-1.3%. Using optically-selected AGNs, and correcting for the obscured population, we inferr log_10[epsilon]=-1.17+0.11-0.08 or epsilon=6.7+1.9-1.1%, which we consider our best estimate. We also repeat this calculation for intrinsically luminous AGNs (M_B<-23, quasars), comparing to the SMBH mass density in local elliptical galaxies, and find log_10[epsilon]=-1.27+0.15-0.11 or epsilon=5.4+2.2-1.2%. We discuss how our results can be used to estimate the mean spin of accreting SMBHs, both assuming the standard thin-disk model of accretion onto black holes and also comparing to more recent simulations. Our results can rule out maximally rotating SMBHs (<a>=0.998 Gm_bh/c^2) at the >=98% confidence level, as well as high rotation values (<a> >=0.9 Gm_bh/c^2) with >=92% confidence. Our preferred values of <a> are ~0.25-0.60 Gm_bh/c^2, although even these might be overestimated. Hence, we find that on average, SMBHs are not rapidly spinning during accretion. Finally, using an independent measurement of Eddington ratios, we estimate the SMBH e-folding time for the brightest AGNs (quasars) to be <tau> =100+151-60 Myr.

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