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arXiv 0810.2923astro-ph
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银河系和河外磁场

Galactic and Extragalactic Magnetic Fields

Rainer Beck

摘要:

根据塞曼射电和同步加速器的测量,我们银河系的总磁场强度在太阳附近约为6 μ G,在致密云、脉冲星风星云和银河系中心附近的细丝中约为几mG。来自恒星和背景源的扩散极化射电辐射和极化辐射的法拉第旋转显示了许多小尺度的磁特征,但我们银河系的整体场结构仍在争论中。--对邻近星系的射电同步加速器观测揭示了旋臂中总强度为10-30 μ G的动态重要磁场。具有随机取向的场集中在螺旋臂中,而有序场(在无线电极化中观察到)在臂间区域中最强,并且遵循相邻气体螺旋臂的取向。从旋涡星系盘发出的漫射偏振射电辐射的法拉第旋转有时会显示出大尺度的图案,这是发电机产生的相干场的特征,但在大多数星系中,场结构更为复杂。--在边缘星系周围的射电晕中也观察到了强磁场,距离平面很远。射电晕的同步加速器刻度高度允许测量宇宙射线电子的平均流出速度。在法拉第旋转数据中,有序晕场大多形成X形图案,但没有看到大尺度图案。外盘和晕中的漫射偏振射电辐射是研究星系间相互作用和星系间介质的冲压压力的一个很好的示踪剂。--由于激波或星团合并,星团内气体也可以被显著磁化和高度极化。

英文摘要:

The strength of the total magnetic field in our Milky Way from radio Zeeman and synchrotron measurements is about 6 muG near the Sun and several mG in dense clouds, pulsar wind nebulae, and filaments near the Galactic Center. Diffuse polarized radio emission and Faraday rotation of the polarized emission from pulsars and background sources show many small-scale magnetic features, but the overall field structure in our Galaxy is still under debate. -- Radio synchrotron observations of nearby galaxies reveal dynamically important magnetic fields of 10-30 muG total strength in the spiral arms. Fields with random orientations are concentrated in spiral arms, while ordered fields (observed in radio polarization) are strongest in interarm regions and follow the orientation of the adjacent gas spiral arms. Faraday rotation of the diffuse polarized radio emission from the disks of spiral galaxies sometimes reveals large-scale patterns which are signatures of coherent fields generated by dynamos, but in most galaxies the field structure is more complicated. -- Strong magnetic fields are also observed in radio halos around edge-on galaxies, out to large distances from the plane. The synchrotron scaleheight of radio halos allows to measure the mean outflow velocity of the cosmic-ray electrons. The ordered halo fields mostly form an X-shaped pattern, but no large-scale pattern is seen in the Faraday rotation data. Diffuse polarized radio emission in the outer disks and halos is an excellent tracer of galaxy interactions and ram pressure by the intergalactic medium. -- Intracluster gas can also be significantly magnetized and highly polarized due to shocks or cluster mergers.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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