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arXiv 0810.2795astro-ph
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1<z<2早型星系的星族分布--星系形成和演化的新线索

The population of early-type galaxies at 1<z<2 - New clues on their formation and evolution

P. Saracco, M. Longhetti, S. Andreon

摘要:

利用F160 W滤波器对32个1<z<2的早型星系(ETG)进行了HST-NICMOS观测,并对它们的红移和光谱类型进行了光谱确认。我们发现,ETGs是由两个不同的人口,老年人口(oETGs)和年轻人口(yETGs)的平均年龄相差约1.5-2 Gyr。年轻的ETG并不比本地ETG密度大,因为它们遵循本地ETG的尺寸-质量关系,而光度演化将它们带到本地Kormendy和尺寸-光度关系上。同时,老ETG不遵循局域ETG的尺寸-质量关系,光度演化不能解释它们在局域尺寸-光度关系和Kormendy关系上的差异。从z~1.5-2到z~0,有效半径R_e需要增加2.5-3倍(密度减少15-30倍),才能达到局域标度关系。两个种群表现出的不同行为意味着不同的形成和演化情景。较老的粒子群一定是在较高的z时以一种耗散的富含气体的坍缩能形成的,从而产生在z~2时古老而致密的残余物。它们必须经历从z~2到z~0的尺寸演化,必须保持它们的质量不变,以不超过高质量ETG的局部数量。因此,重大合并不能满足这一要求。年轻的ETG群体可以通过随后的合并事件形成,合并事件逐渐增加它们的大小并将它们的质量聚集到z~2。在z<2时,它们纯粹在光度上演化,因为大合并的插曲会使它们远离局域标度关系。

英文摘要:

[Abridged]We present the morphological analysis based on HST-NICMOS observations in the F160W filter of a sample of 32 early-type galaxies (ETGs) at 1<z<2 with spectroscopic confirmation of their redshift and spectral type. We find that ETGs at are composed of two distinct populations, an older population (oETGs) and a younger population (yETGs) whose mean ages differ by about 1.5-2 Gyr. Young ETGs are not denser than local ones since they follow the size-mass relation of local ETGs and luminosity evolution brings them onto the local Kormendy and size-luminosity relations. On the constrary, old ETGs do not follow the size-mass relation of local ETGs and luminosity evolution does not account for the discrepancy they show with respect to the local size-luminosity and Kormendy relations. An increase of their effective radius R_e by a factor 2.5-3 (a density decrease by a factor 15-30) from z~1.5-2 to z~0 is required to bring these galaxies onto the local scaling relations. The different behaviour shown by the two populations implies different formation and evolution scenarios. The older population must have formed at higher-z in a sort of dissipative gas-rich collapse ables to produce remnants which at z~2 are old and compact. The size evolution they must experience from z~2 to z~0 has to leave unchanged their mass to not exceed the local number of high-mass ETGs. Thus, major merging cannot fit this requirement. The younger population of ETGs can be formed later through subsequent episodes of merging which increased progressively their size and assembled their mass down to z~2. At z<2 they evolve purely in luminosity since episodes of major merging would bring them far from the local scaling relations.

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