K原子电荷共轭和宇称破坏的原子永久电偶极矩实验证据
Clear evidence of charge conjugation and parity violation in K atoms from atomic permanent electric dipole moment experiments
摘要：
量子力学认为，由于原子的球对称性，原子不具有永久电偶极矩（EDM）。因此，自然界中除了极性分子外，不存在极性原子。由极性物质取向引起的极化率与绝对温度T成反比，而原子的感生极化率与温度无关。这种温度依赖性的差异提供了一种在实验上分离极性和非极性物质的方法。实验发现，在特殊的电容器中，钾原子的电荷密度与温度T的关系为：K =B/T，其中，作为极性分子，斜率B约为283（K），而在传统的电容器中，K原子的电荷密度与温度T的关系呈现无序状态。测量了其在不同电压V下的电容C。C-V曲线表明，当E> 105 V/m时，几乎所有的K原子（98.9%以上）都与场成一直线，出现了饱和极化。基态中性K原子为极性原子，具有较大的EDM：dK大于2.3*10- 9e.cm，这为K原子的电荷共轭和宇称破坏提供了有力的证据.如果K原子有大的EDM，为什么没有观察到线性斯塔克效应？这篇文章详尽地讨论了这个问题。由于实验的细节在文中有详细的描述，所以我们的结果很容易重复。
英文摘要：
Quantum mechanics thinks that atoms do not have permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) because of their spherical symmetry. Therefore, there is no polar atom in nature except for polar molecules. The electric susceptibility Xe caused by the orientation of polar substances is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature T while the induced susceptibility of atoms is temperature independent. This difference in temperature dependence offers a means of separating the polar and non-polar substances experimentally. Using special capacitor our experiments discovered that the relationship between Xe of Potassium atom and T is just Xe=B/T, where the slope B is approximately 283(K) as polar molecules, but appears to be disordered using the traditional capacitor. Its capacitance C at different voltage V was measured. The C-V curve shows that the saturation polarization of K vapor has be observed when E more than 105V/m and nearly all K atoms (over 98.9 per cent) are lined up with the field! The ground state neutral K atom is polar atom with a large EDM: dK more than 2.3*10-9e.cm.The results gave clear evidence for CP (charge conjugation and parity) violation in K atoms. If K atom has a large EDM, why the linear Stark effect has not been observed? The article discussed the question thoroughly. Our results are easy to be repeated because the details of the experiment are described in the article.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
