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arXiv 0810.0281astro-ph
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低金属丰度时的C/O比:对星系晕星观测的早期化学演化的限制

The C/O ratio at low metallicity: constraints on early chemical evolution from observations of Galactic halo stars

D. Fabbian, P. E. Nissen, M. Asplund, M. Pettini, C. Akerman

摘要:

我们提出了新的测量碳和氧的丰度来自高激发的C I和O I吸收线在贫金属晕星,目的是澄清这两个元素的主要来源在早期阶段的化学富集的银河系。与我们以前的研究相比,我们的目标是15颗新恒星,重点是在关键的金属丰度范围-3<[Fe/H]<-2内进行额外的C/O测定。在碳和氧的线形成中考虑了来自局部热力学平衡的扰动。非LTE效应在最低金属丰度下非常强,但与过去由于简化评估而有时假设的情况相反,这两种元素的程度不同。此外,对于先前分析的28颗[Fe/H]<-1的恒星,重新推导了恒星参数,并以与其余样本相同的方式应用了非LTE校正,总共为43颗晕星提供了一致的丰度。新的观测结果和非LTE计算结果加强了先前的建议,即C/O向较低的金属丰度上升(特别是[O/H]<-2)。采用由经典Drawin公式估算的H碰撞截面,在[O/H]~-3时得到[C/O]~0。为了消除C/O的上升,将需要O I线的近LTE形成,这只有在使用Drawin配方的H碰撞效率被低估高达几十倍的因素时才可能发生,我们认为这是不可能的。在最低金属丰度下得到的高C/O值可能揭示了第三星族恒星的指纹,或者可能是更正常的第二星族恒星中旋转辅助核合成的信号。

英文摘要:

We present new measurements of the abundances of carbon and oxygen derived from high-excitation C I and O I absorption lines in metal-poor halo stars, with the aim of clarifying the main sources of these two elements in the early stages of the chemical enrichment of the Galaxy. We target 15 new stars compared to our previous study, with an emphasis on additional C/O determinations in the crucial metallicity range -3<[Fe/H]<-2. Departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium were accounted for in the line formation for both carbon and oxygen. The non-LTE effects are very strong at the lowest metallicities but, contrary to what has sometimes been assumed in the past due to a simplified assessment, of different degrees for the two elements. In addition, for the 28 stars with [Fe/H]<-1 previously analysed, stellar parameters were re-derived and non-LTE corrections applied in the same fashion as for the rest of our sample, giving consistent abundances for 43 halo stars in total. The new observations and non-LTE calculations strengthen previous suggestions of an upturn in C/O towards lower metallicity (particularly for [O/H]<-2). Adopting the H collisional cross-sections estimated from the classical Drawin formula leads to [C/O]~0 at [O/H]~-3. To remove the upturn in C/O, near-LTE formation for O I lines would be required, which could only happen if the H collisional efficiency with the Drawin recipe is underestimated by factors of up to several tens of times, which we consider unlikely. The high C/O values derived at the lowest metallicities may be revealing the fingerprints of Population III stars or may signal rotationally-aided nucleosynthesis in more normal Population II stars.

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