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arXiv 0809.4988astro-ph
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卡拉尔阿尔托天文台的夜空II:近红外波段的天空

The night-sky at the Calar Alto Observatory II: The sky at the near infrared

S. F. Sanchez, U. Thiele, J. Aceituno, D. Cristobal, J. Perea, J. Alves

摘要:

在这里,我们提出了在近红外,望远镜看到的夜空亮度的特性,并在卡拉尔阿尔托天文台的有用时间的分数。在这项研究中,我们收集了一个大型数据集,包括在过去四年中为ALHAMBRA调查(J,H和KS波段)定期拍摄的7311张近红外图像,以及为当前研究拍摄的额外近红外图像的更精简的数据集。此外,我们还收集了天文台气象站在过去10年中获得的信息,以及过去2年云传感器的结果。我们分析了近红外夜空亮度与气团和季节的依赖关系,研究了它的起源,并提出了天顶校正。在KS波段的夜空亮度和气温之间发现了很强的相关性,其梯度为每1摄氏度~-0.08等。在J、H和KS波段,典型的(最暗的)夜空亮度分别为15.95等(16.95等)、13.99等(14.98等)和12.39等(13.55等)。这些值表明,卡拉尔阿尔托在近红外线下的黑暗程度与我们可以与之比较的世界上大多数其他天文地点一样。只有莫纳克亚山在KS波段明显更暗。当转换到V波段时,典型的3.5米望远镜的视宁度约为1.0 ",仅略大于视宁度监视器同时测量的大气视宁度约0.9"。最后,我们根据相对湿度、阵风速度和云的存在来估计有用时间的分数。这个分数,~72%,是非常相似的一个在论文I中得出的,基于时间的分数时,消光监测工作。

英文摘要:

We present here the characterization of the night sky-brightness at the near-infrared, the telescope seeing, and the fraction of useful time at the Calar Alto observatory. For this study we have collected a large dataset comprising 7311 near-infrared images taken regularly along the last four years for the ALHAMBRA survey (J, H and Ks-bands), together with a more reduced dataset of additional near-infrared images taken for the current study. In addition we collected the information derived by the meteorological station at the observatory during the last 10 years, together with the results from the cloud sensor for the last ~2 years. We analyze the dependency of the near-infrared night sky-brightness with the airmass and the seasons, studying its origins and proposing a zenithal correction. A strong correlation is found between the night sky-brightness in the Ks-band and the air temperature, with a gradient of ~ -0.08 mag per 1 C degree. The typical (darkest) night sky-brightness in the J, H and Ks-band are 15.95 mag (16.95 mag), 13.99 mag (14.98 mag) and 12.39 mag (13.55 mag), respectively. These values show that Calar Alto is as dark in the near-infrared as most of the other astronomical astronomical sites in the world that we could compare with. Only Mauna Kea is clearly darker in the Ks-band. The typical telescope seeing at the 3.5m is ~1.0" when converted to the V-band, being only slightly larger than the atmospheric seeing measured at the same time by the seeing monitor, ~0.9". Finally we estimate the fraction of useful time based on the relative humidity, gust wind speed and presence of clouds. This fraction, ~72%, is very similar to the one derived in Paper I, based on the fraction of time when the extinction monitor is working.

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