PYRAMIR：金字塔近红外波前传感器的校准和操作
PYRAMIR: Calibration and operation of a pyramid near-infrared wavefront sensor
摘要：
金字塔波前传感器（PWFS）的概念到现在已经有大约十年了。然而，仍然非常缺乏表征测量，使得这样的系统在天文望远镜的真实生活条件下能够最好地运行。因此，在这篇文章中，我们调查的行为和鲁棒性的金字塔红外波前传感器PYRAMIR安装在3.5米的望远镜在卡拉阿尔托天文台的影响下，不同的误差源固有的传感器，并在前面的光学系统中产生。固有误差包括金字塔边缘上的衍射效应和检测器读出噪声。外部缺陷包括校准过程中光瞳面中强度分布的高斯分布、光学分辨参考源的影响以及非共路像差。我们研究了三种不同大小的参考源对PWFS校准的影响。对于非共路像差的质量的系统的响应是量化的模态串扰和混叠。我们调查的特殊行为的系统，关于小费倾斜控制。从我们的测量，我们得出的方法来优化校准程序和PWFS自适应光学（AO）系统的设置。我们还计算了总波前误差所产生的混叠，模式串扰，测量误差，拟合误差，以优化校准模式的天空操作的数量。这些测量结果在各种条件下的天空性能的预测。
英文摘要：
The concept of pyramid wavefront sensors (PWFS) has been around about a decade by now. However, there is still a great lack of characterizing measurements that allow the best operation of such a system under real life conditions at an astronomical telescope. In this article we, therefore, investigate the behavior and robustness of the pyramid infrared wavefront sensor PYRAMIR mounted at the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory under the influence of different error sources both intrinsic to the sensor, and arising in the preceding optical system. The intrinsic errors include diffraction effects on the pyramid edges and detector read out noise. The external imperfections consist of a Gaussian profile in the intensity distribution in the pupil plane during calibration, the effect of an optically resolved reference source, and noncommon-path aberrations. We investigated the effect of three differently sized reference sources on the calibration of the PWFS. For the noncommon-path aberrations the quality of the response of the system is quantified in terms of modal cross talk and aliasing. We investigate the special behavior of the system regarding tip-tilt control. From our measurements we derive the method to optimize the calibration procedure and the setup of a PWFS adaptive optics (AO) system. We also calculate the total wavefront error arising from aliasing, modal cross talk, measurement error, and fitting error in order to optimize the number of calibrated modes for on-sky operations. These measurements result in a prediction of on-sky performance for various conditions.
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