On projectively equivalent metrics near points of bifurcation
Vladimir S. Matveev
备注：
28 pages; no figures
发表信息：
Topologival methods in the theory of integrable systems (Eds.: Bolsinov A.V., Fomenko A.T., Oshemkov A.A.), Cambridge scientific publishers 2006, pp. 215 -- 240,
Let Riemannian metrics $g$ and $\bar g$ on a connected manifold
$M^n$ have the same geodesics (considered as unparameterized curves). Suppose the eigenvalues of one metric with respect to the other are all different at a point. Then, by the famous Levi-Civita's Theorem, the metrics have a certain standard form near the point. Our main result is a generalization of Levi-Civita's Theorem for the points where the eigenvalues of one metric with respect to the other bifurcate.
We generalize the result of [Matveev-Topalov 2001] to all signatures: we show that in all signatures the Killing tensors constructed by projectively equivalent metrics correspond to commuting differential operators
We proof that on a surface of negative Euler characteristic, two real-analytic Finsler metrics have the same unparametrized oriented geodesics, if and only if they differ by a scaling constant and addition of a closed 1-form.
This paper combines two classical theories, namely metric projective differential geometry and superintegrability. We study superintegrable systems on 2-dimensional geometries that share the same geodesics, viewed as unparametrized curves. We give a definition of projective equivalence of such systems, which may be considered the projective analog of (conformal) Stäckel equivalence (coupling constant metamorphosis). Then, we discuss the transformation behavior for projectively equivalent superintegrable systems and find that the potential on a projectively equivalent geometry can be reconstruc…
Given two c-projectively equivalent metrics on a Kähler manifold we show that the canoncially constructed, Poisson-commuting integrals of motion of the geodesic flow, linear and quadratic in momenta, also commute as quantum operators. The methods employed here also provide a proof of a similar statement in the case of projective equivalence. We also investigate the addition of potentials, i.e. the generalization to natural Hamiltonian systems. We show that the commuting operators lead to separation of variables for Schrödinger's equation.
Two Kähler metrics on a complex manifold are called c-projectively equivalent if their $J$-planar curves coincide. These curves are defined by the property that the acceleration is complex proportional to the velocity. We give an explicit local description of all pairs of c-projectively equivalent Kähler metrics of arbitrary signature and use this description to prove the classical Yano-Obata conjecture: we show that on a closed connected Kähler manifold of arbitrary signature, any c-projective vector field is an affine vector field unless the manifold is $CP^n$ with (a multiple of) the Fubini…
The paper is devoted to the investigation of four-dimensional Kahler manifolds admitting non-affine H-projective mappings. We find all such manifolds which are non-Einstein. In the paper also Kahler manifolds admitting infinitesimal H-projective transformations are determined. It is proved that the class of Kahler manifolds admitting H-projective mappings includes generalized equidistant Kahler manifolds. The explicit expression for the metrics of Ricci-flat four-dimensional generalized equidistant manifolds is given.
Let $M$ be a differentiable manifold and $TM$ be its tangent bundle. A $C^0$-Finsler structure on $M$ is a continuous function $F: TM \rightarrow \mathbb R$ such that its restriction to each tangent space is a norm. In this work we present a large family of projectively equivalent $C^0$-Finsler manifolds $(\hat M \cong \mathbb R^2,\hat F)$. Their structures $\hat F$ don't have partial derivatives and they aren't invariant by any transformation group of $\hat M$. For every $p,q \in (\hat M,\hat F)$, we determine the unique minimizing path connecting $p$ and $q$. They are line segments parallel …
Trajectories of light rays in a static spacetime are described by unparametrised geodesics of the Riemannian optical metric associated with the Lorentzian spacetime metric. We investigate the uniqueness of this structure and demonstrate that two different observers, moving relative to one another, who both see the universe as static may determine the geometry of the light rays differently. More specifically, we classify Lorentzian metrics admitting more than one hyper--surface orthogonal time--like Killing vector and analyze the projective equivalence of the resulting optical metrics. These me…
Two geodesically (projectively) equivalent Finsler metrics determine a set of invariant volume forms on the projective sphere bundle. Their proportionality factors are geodesically invariant functions and hence they are first integrals. Being 0-homogeneous functions, the first integrals are common for the entire projective class. In Theorem 1.1 we provide a practical and easy way of computing these first integrals as the coefficients of a characteristic polynomial.
Two Kaehler metrics on one complex manifold are said to be c-projectively equivalent if their J-planar curves, i.e., curves defined by the property that their acceleration is complex proportional to their velocity, coincide. The degree of mobility of a Kaehler metric is the dimension of the space of metrics that are c-projectively equivalent to it. We give the list of all possible values of the degree of mobility of simply connected 2n-dimensional Riemannian Kaehler manifolds. We also describe all such values under the additional assumption that the metric is Einstein. As an application, we de…
A metric projective structure is a manifold equipped with the unparametrised geodesics of some pseudo-Riemannian metric. We make acomprehensive treatment of such structures in the case that there is a projective Weyl curvature nullity condition. The analysis is simplified by a fundamental and canonical 2-tensor invariant that we discover. It leads to a new canonical tractor connection for these geometries which is defined on a rank $(n+1)$-bundle. We show this connection is linked to the metrisability equations that govern the existence of metrics compatible with the structure. The fundamental…
The expression (-1/u) times the Hessian of u transforms as a symmetric (0,2) tensor under projective coordinate transformations, so long as u transforms as a section of a certain line bundle. On a locally projectively flat manifold M, the section u can be regarded as a metric potential analogous to the local potential in Kahler geometry. If M is compact and u is a negative section of the dual of the tautological bundle whose Hessian is positive definite, then M is projectively equivalent to a quotient of a bounded convex domain in R^n. The same is true if M has a boundary on which u=0. This th…
Two pseudo-Riemannian metrics are called projectively equivalent if their unparametrized geodesics coincide. The degree of mobility of a metric is the dimension of the space of metrics that are projectively equivalent to it. We give a complete list of possible values for the degree of mobility of Riemannian and Lorentzian Einstein metrics on simply connected manifolds, and describe all possible dimensions of the space of essential projective vector fields.
Consider a smooth manifold $M$ equipped with a bracket generating distribution $D$. Two sub-Riemannian metrics on $(M,D)$ are said to be projectively (resp. affinely) equivalent if they have the same geodesics up to reparameterization (resp. up to affine reparameterization). A sub-Riemannian metric $g$ is called rigid (resp. conformally rigid) with respect to projective/affine equivalence, if any sub-Riemannian metric which is projectively/affinely equivalent to $g$ is constantly proportional to $g$ (resp. conformal to $g$). In the Riemannian case the local classification of projectively and a…
We use the results of Moser and Knörrer on relations between geodesics on quadrics and solutions of the classical Neumann system to describe explicitly the geodesic scattering on hyperboloids. We explain the relation of Knörrer's reparametrisation with projectively equivalent metrics on quadrics introduced by Tabachnikov and independently by Matveev and Topalov, giving a new proof of their result. We show that the projectively equivalent metric is regular on the projective closure of hyperboloids and extend Knörrer's map to this closure.
In this paper we prove that all manifolds with affine connection are globally projectively equivalent to some space with equiaffine connection (equiaffine manifold). These manifolds are characterised by a symmetric Ricci tensor.
The pentagram map takes a planar polygon $P$ to a polygon $P'$ whose vertices are the intersection points of consecutive shortest diagonals of $P$. This map is known to interact nicely with Poncelet polygons, i.e. polygons which are simultaneously inscribed in a conic and circumscribed about a conic. A theorem of R. Schwartz says that if $P$ is a Poncelet polygon, then the image of $P$ under the pentagram map is projectively equivalent to $P$. In the present paper we show that in the convex case this property characterizes Poncelet polygons: if a convex polygon is projectively equivalent to it…
It is well known that pseudo-Riemannian metrics in the projective class of a given torsion free affine connection can be obtained from (and are equivalent to) the solutions of a certain overdetermined projectively invariant differential equation. This equation is a special case of a so-called first BGG equation. The general theory of such equations singles out a subclass of so-called normal solutions. We prove that non-degerate normal solutions are equivalent to pseudo-Riemannian Einstein metrics in the projective class and observe that this connects to natural projective extensions of the Ein…
Let $\overline{M}$ be a smooth manifold with boundary $\partial M$ and interior $M$. Consider an affine connection $\nabla$ on $M$ for which the boundary is at infinity. Then $\nabla$ is projectively compact of order $α$ if the projective structure defined by $\nabla$ smoothly extends to all of $\overline{M}$ in a specific way that depends on no particular choice of boundary defining function. Via the Levi--Civita connection, this concept applies to pseudo--Riemannian metrics on $M$. We study the relation between interior geometry and the possibilities for compactification, and then develop th…
