多维系统中的开关路径分布
Switching path distribution in multi-dimensional systems
摘要：
我们探讨了波动引起的共存稳定状态之间的切换遵循的路径的分布。我们引入了一个定量的特征，在相空间中的路径分布，不需要系统动力学的先验知识。发展了该分布的理论，并在微机械振荡器中进行了直接测量。分布的形状和位置的实验和理论结果是非常一致的，没有可调的参数。此外，该实验首次证明了远离热平衡的系统在切换时缺乏时间反演对称性。结果打开的切换概率的有效控制的基础上测得的窄路径分布的可能性。
英文摘要：
We explore the distribution of paths followed in fluctuation-induced switching between coexisting stable states. We introduce a quantitative characteristic of the path distribution in phase space that does not require a priori knowledge of system dynamics. The theory of the distribution is developed and its direct measurement is performed in a micromechanical oscillator driven into parametric resonance. The experimental and theoretical results on the shape and position of the distribution are in excellent agreement, with no adjustable parameters. In addition, the experiment provides the first demonstration of the lack of time-reversal symmetry in switching of systems far from thermal equilibrium. The results open the possibility of efficient control of the switching probability based on the measured narrow path distribution.
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