arXiv 0809.23232008-09-13gr-qcastro-ph

引力场的能量动量：引力物理和宇宙学的关键

Energy-Momentum of the Gravitational Field: Crucial Point for Gravitation Physics and Cosmology

Yu. V. Baryshev

备注：: 11 pages, Proceedings of the International conference "Problems of Practical Cosmology", 23-27 June 2008, St.-Petersburg, Russia, see http://ppc08.astro.spbu.ru/text_proc.html
发表信息：: PracticalCosmology.1:276-286,2008

摘要：

回顾了重力场能量动量的数学和物理定义问题的历史。正如90年前希尔伯特（1917）、爱因斯坦（1918）、薛定谔（1918）和鲍尔（1918）在几何引力方法（广义相对论）中指出的那样，引力场的能量-动量不存在张量特征。Landau & Lifshitz（1971）称这个量为能量-动量的伪张量，并指出爱因斯坦方程并不表示物质加引力场的能量守恒。这对引力物理学和宇宙学有着重要的影响，例如静态引力场的负能量密度和膨胀空间的能量守恒的破坏。然而，有另一种场引力方法用于将引力描述为闵可夫斯基空间中的对称张量场，这与所有其他物理相互作用的描述相似，并且基于引力场的明确定义的正的、可局部化的能量动量。这种相对论量子场引力方法由Firz & Pauli（1939），Birkhoff（1944），Thirring（1961），Kalman（1961），Feynman（1963）和其他人部分发展。本文指出，引力场的正能量动量的存在导致了引力物理和宇宙学的根本性变化，包括引力的双分量性质--吸引（自旋为2）和排斥（自旋为0），黑洞和奇点的不存在，球对称引力坍缩引起的标量引力辐射等新的可能性。

英文摘要：

A history of the problem of mathematical and physical definition for the energy-momentum of the gravity field is reviewed. As it was noted 90 years ago by Hilbert (1917), Einstein (1918), Schrodinger (1918) and Bauer (1918) within Geometrical Gravity approach (General Relativity) there is no tensor characteristics of the energy-momentum for the gravity field. Landau & Lifshitz (1971) called this quantity pseudo-tensor of energy-momentum and noted that Einstein's equations does not express the energy conservation for matter plus gravity field. This has crucial consequences for gravity physics and cosmology, such as negative energy density for static gravity field and violation of energy conservation in expanding space. However there is alternative Field Gravity approach for description of gravitation as a symmetric tensor field in Minkowski space, which is similar to description of all other physical interactions and based on well-defined positive, localizable energy-momentum of the gravity field. This relativistic quantum Field Gravity approach was partially developed by Firz & Pauli (1939), Birkhoff (1944), Thirring (1961), Kalman (1961), Feynman (1963) and others. Here it is shown that existence of well-defined positive energy-momentum of the gravity field leads to radical changes in gravity physics and cosmology, including such new possibilities as two-component nature of gravity - attraction (spin 2) and repulsion (spin 0), absence of black holes and singularities, scalar gravitational radiation caused by spherically symmetric gravitational collapse.

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