观测到的系外行星质量-半长轴分布中冰线和适度的I型迁移的特征
The Signature of the Ice Line and Modest Type I Migration in the Observed Exoplanet Mass-Semimajor Axis Distribution
摘要：
现有的系外行星径向速度测量在行星质量-半长轴（Mp-a）平面上完成，范围为0.1 AU < a < 2.0 AU where Mp >~ 100 M_Earth。我们边缘化的质量在这个完整的域的参数空间，并证明所观察到的半长轴分布是不一致的模型的行星形成，使用完整的I型迁移率来自线性理论，不包括冰线的磁盘表面密度分布的影响。然而，I型迁移的效率可以被抑制的非线性反馈和障碍引入的局部最大值的磁盘压力分布，我们确认，合成的MP-一个分布是兼容的观测数据，如果我们考虑到保留的原行星胚胎附近的冰线和一个数量级的减少I型迁移的效率。这些假设的有效性可以被检验，因为它们也预测了一个短周期岩石行星的人口，其质量范围与地球相当，以及在Mp-a分布中以Mp ~ 30-50 M_Earth和a < 1 AU为中心的“沙漠”。我们表明，预期的“沙漠”在Mp-a平面将可辨别的径向速度测量与1米/秒的精度和n ~ 700径向速度观测的程序星。
英文摘要：
Existing exoplanet radial velocity surveys are complete in the planetary mass-semimajor axis (Mp-a) plane over the range 0.1 AU < a < 2.0 AU where Mp >~ 100 M_Earth. We marginalize over mass in this complete domain of parameter space and demonstrate that the observed semimajor axis distribution is inconsistent with models of planet formation that use the full Type I migration rate derived from a linear theory and that do not include the effect of the ice line on the disk surface density profile. However, the efficiency of Type I migration can be suppressed by both nonlinear feedback and the barriers introduced by local maxima in the disk pressure distribution, and we confirm that the synthesized Mp-a distribution is compatible with the observed data if we account for both retention of protoplanetary embryos near the ice line and an order-of-magnitude reduction in the efficiency of Type I migration. The validity of these assumption can be checked because they also predict a population of short-period rocky planets with a range of masses comparable to that of the Earth as well as a "desert" in the Mp-a distribution centered around Mp ~ 30-50 M_Earth and a < 1 AU. We show that the expected "desert" in the Mp-a plane will be discernible by a radial velocity survey with 1 m/s precision and n ~ 700 radial velocity observations of program stars.
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