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arXiv 0808.3294astro-ph
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太阳黑子结构的辐射MHD模拟

Radiative MHD simulation of sunspot structure

M. Rempel, M. Schuessler, M. Knoelker

摘要:

本文给出了一个光球直径约为20 μ m的太阳黑子的三维MHD模拟结果。模拟已经进行了与MURaM代码,其中包括一个现实的状态方程与部分电离和辐射转移沿许多射线方向。太阳黑子的大部分松弛状态显示出一个分裂,在一个中心黑暗的本影区域与亮点和半影显示约2至3毫米长的明亮细丝与中心黑暗的车道。通过类似于本影点形成的过程,半影丝由磁对流以上升流羽流的形式产生,上升流羽流由于倾斜的磁场的存在而被拉长:上升流在向外的方向上偏转,而磁场被削弱,并且在接近光学深度单位的水平的羽流的上部变得几乎水平。一条暗巷的形成是由于物质在上升的羽流的尖形顶部附近堆积,导致光学深度恒定的表面向上凸起。模拟的半影结构与观测推断的互锁梳状结构的磁场与Evershed流出沿暗laned灯丝与近水平的磁场和翻转垂直(“扭曲”)运动,这是嵌入在一个更强和更少的倾斜场的背景。光球谱线形成于上升流羽流的最顶部和稍高的位置,因此它们不能完全感应到强气流以及羽流结构上部的大场倾角和显著的场强降低。

英文摘要:

Results of a 3D MHD simulation of a sunspot with a photospheric size of about 20 Mm are presented. The simulation has been carried out with the MURaM code, which includes a realistic equation of state with partial ionization and radiative transfer along many ray directions. The largely relaxed state of the sunspot shows a division in a central dark umbral region with bright dots and a penumbra showing bright filaments of about 2 to 3 Mm length with central dark lanes. By a process similar to the formation of umbral dots, the penumbral filaments result from magneto-convection in the form of upflow plumes, which become elongated by the presence of an inclined magnetic field: the upflow is deflected in the outward direction while the magnetic field is weakened and becomes almost horizontal in the upper part of the plume near the level of optical depth unity. A dark lane forms owing to the piling up of matter near the cusp-shaped top of the rising plume that leads to an upward bulging of the surfaces of constant optical depth. The simulated penumbral structure corresponds well to the observationally inferred interlocking-comb structure of the magnetic field with Evershed outflows along dark-laned filaments with nearly horizontal magnetic field and overturning perpendicular (`twisting') motion, which are embedded in a background of stronger and less inclined field. Photospheric spectral lines are formed at the very top and somewhat above the upflow plumes, so that they do not fully sense the strong flow as well as the large field inclination and significant field strength reduction in the upper part of the plume structures.

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