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arXiv 0808.2669quant-phcs.CC
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封闭的类时曲线使量子计算与经典计算等价

Closed Timelike Curves Make Quantum and Classical Computing Equivalent

Scott Aaronson, John Watrous

摘要:

虽然封闭类时曲线(CTC)并不存在,但研究它们的结果已经在广义相对论、量子信息和其他领域带来了重要的见解。在本文中,我们表明,如果CTC存在,那么量子计算机将不会比经典计算机更强大:两者都将具有复杂性类PSPACE的(非常大的)能力,包括使用多项式内存量的传统计算机可解决的所有问题。这解决了我们中的一个人在2005年提出的一个开放的问题,并给出了一个基本上完整的理解计算复杂性的CTC的存在。在Deutsch的工作之后,我们将CTC简单地视为时空的一个区域,其中施加了“因果一致性”条件,这意味着自然界必须产生一些演化算子的(概率或量子)不动点。我们的结论是以下定理的推论:给定任何量子线路(不一定是幺正的),电路的不动点可以(隐式)在多项式空间中计算。这个定理在量子信息中可能有独立的应用。

英文摘要:

While closed timelike curves (CTCs) are not known to exist, studying their consequences has led to nontrivial insights in general relativity, quantum information, and other areas. In this paper we show that if CTCs existed, then quantum computers would be no more powerful than classical computers: both would have the (extremely large) power of the complexity class PSPACE, consisting of all problems solvable by a conventional computer using a polynomial amount of memory. This solves an open problem proposed by one of us in 2005, and gives an essentially complete understanding of computational complexity in the presence of CTCs. Following the work of Deutsch, we treat a CTC as simply a region of spacetime where a "causal consistency" condition is imposed, meaning that Nature has to produce a (probabilistic or quantum) fixed-point of some evolution operator. Our conclusion is then a consequence of the following theorem: given any quantum circuit (not necessarily unitary), a fixed-point of the circuit can be (implicitly) computed in polynomial space. This theorem might have independent applications in quantum information.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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