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arXiv 0808.1369astro-phhep-phnucl-th
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致密星中的单味CSL相

Single-flavor CSL phase in compact stars

David Blaschke, Fredrik Sandin, Thomas Klahn, Jens Berdermann

备注：
10 pages, 10 figures, Presented at Joint Meeting Heidelberg-Liege-Paris-Wroclaw: Three Days of Strong Interactions and Astrophysics (HLPW08), Spa, Liege, Belgium, 6-8 Mar 2008
发表信息：
AIP Conf. Proc. 1038: Hadronic Physics, Eds. J. Cugnon, J.-P. Lansberg, N. Matagne, p. 183 (2008)
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摘要：

我们提出了一个方案，其中的三个轻夸克的味道依次deconfined在压力增加的情况下，在冷的不对称核物质，例如在中子星。我们分析的基础是一个Nambu-Jona-Lasinio（NJL）型的手征夸克物质模型，在自旋为1的单味通道（CSL）、自旋为0的双味通道（2SC）和三味通道（CFL）中具有双夸克对。我们发现，由于β平衡和电荷中性引起的味不对称性，当下夸克费米海被填充（d夸克滴线）时，核子解离开始于饱和密度n_0附近。在约3n_0处出现u夸克，并形成双味色超导（2SC）相。s-夸克费米海只有在更高的重子密度下才能被填充，此时夸克化学势是动态产生的奇异夸克质量的量级。在核物质领域，我们采用Dirac-Brueckner Hartree-Fock（DBHF）方法和Shen等人的混合状态方程（EoS）方法，构造了两种不同的混合状态方程。相应的混合恒星序列的最大质量分别为2.1和2.0 M太阳。两味和三味夸克物质相只存在于引力不稳定的混合星解决方案中的DBHF的情况下，而申的EoS产生稳定的配置与2SC相成分的大质量恒星的核心。由于d-夸克滴在壳核边界的核子离解满足深地壳加热过程的基本标准，这是需要解释超级暴以及冷却的X射线瞬变。

英文摘要：

We suggest a scenario where the three light quark flavors are sequentially deconfined under increasing pressure in cold asymmetric nuclear matter as e.g. in neutron stars. The basis for our analysis is a chiral quark matter model of Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) type with diquark pairing in the spin-1 single flavor (CSL), spin-0 two flavor (2SC) and three flavor (CFL) channels. We find that nucleon dissociation sets in at about the saturation density, n_0, when the down-quark Fermi sea is populated (d-quark dripline) due to the flavor asymmetry induced by beta-equilibrium and charge neutrality. At about 3n_0 u-quarks appear and a two-flavor color superconducting (2SC) phase is formed. The s-quark Fermi sea is populated only at still higher baryon density, when the quark chemical potential is of the order of the dynamically generated strange quark mass. We construct two different hybrid equations of state (EoS) using the Dirac-Brueckner Hartree-Fock (DBHF) approach and the EoS by Shen et al in the nuclear matter sector. The corresponding hybrid star sequences have maximum masses of, respectively, 2.1 and 2.0 M_solar. Two- and three-flavor quark-matter phases exist only in gravitationally unstable hybrid star solutions in the DBHF case, while the Shen-based EoS produce stable configurations with a 2SC phase component in the core of massive stars. Nucleon dissociation due to d-quark drip at the crust-core boundary fulfills basic criteria for a deep crustal heating process which is required to explain superbusts as well as cooling of X-ray transients.

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