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arXiv 0808.0956gr-qc
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展开封闭的时间型曲线

Unwrapping Closed Timelike Curves

Sergei Slobodov

摘要:

封闭的类时曲线(CTC)出现在爱因斯坦方程的许多解中,即使有合理的物质源。这些解决方案似乎违反了因果关系,因此被认为是有问题的。由于CTC反映了时空的整体性质,人们可以尝试改变它的拓扑结构,而不改变它的几何结构,这样以前的CTC在新的时空中就不再是封闭的。这个过程被非正式地称为展开。然而,全局标识的变化往往会导致局部效应,展开也不例外,因为它引入了一种特殊的奇异性,称为准正则性。这种“展开”奇点与弦奇点类似。我们给出了两个例子,展开基本上2+1维时空与CTC,戈特时空和哥德尔宇宙。我们表明,展开的戈特时空,而奇异的,至少是缺乏CTC。相比之下,未包裹的哥德尔时空仍然包含通过每个点的CTC。设计了“多重解包”程序来去除剩余的圆形CTC。我们的结论是,基于我们研究的两个时空,出现在爱因斯坦方程的解决方案中的CTC不是简单的坐标标识的数学人工制品,但确实是广义相对论的必然结果,只要我们要求这些解决方案不具有裸准正则奇点。

英文摘要:

Closed timelike curves (CTCs) appear in many solutions of the Einstein equation, even with reasonable matter sources. These solutions appear to violate causality and so are considered problematic. Since CTCs reflect the global properties of a spacetime, one can attempt to change its topology, without changing its geometry, in such a way that the former CTCs are no longer closed in the new spacetime. This procedure is informally known as unwrapping. However, changes in global identifications tend to lead to local effects, and unwrapping is no exception, as it introduces a special kind of singularity, called quasi-regular. This "unwrapping" singularity is similar to the string singularities. We give two examples of unwrapping of essentially 2+1 dimensional spacetimes with CTCs, the Gott spacetime and the Godel universe. We show that the unwrapped Gott spacetime, while singular, is at least devoid of CTCs. In contrast, the unwrapped Godel spacetime still contains CTCs through every point. A "multiple unwrapping" procedure is devised to remove the remaining circular CTCs. We conclude that, based on the two spacetimes we investigated, CTCs appearing in the solutions of the Einstein equation are not simply a mathematical artifact of coordinate identifications, but are indeed a necessary consequence of General Relativity, provided only that we demand these solutions do not possess naked quasi-regular singularities.

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