Milky Way中电子质子质量比的空间变化
On spatial variations of the electron-to-proton mass ratio in the Milky Way
摘要：
本文利用NH_3（J，K）=（1，1），CCS J_N=2_1-1_0，HC_3 N J=5-4，N_2H + J=1-0等谱线的射电天文观测资料，测量了NH_3（1，1）跃迁与其它分子跃迁的相对径向速度偏差Δ V。鲁棒的统计分析适用于在英仙座分子云（PC），烟斗星云（PN），和红外暗云（IRDC）的n=207个人的测量推导出的平均值Δ V和它的不确定性。从PC，PN和IRDC的Δ V的测量值显示NH3和其他分子的线中心之间的统计上显著的正速度偏移。从PC（n=21）和PN（n=8）中观察到的NH3/CCS对子样本获得最准确的估计值，Δ V分别为36+/-7_stat+/-13.5_sys} m/s和53+/-11_stat+/-13.5_sys m/s，以及从IRDC中观察到的n=36 NH3/N2 H+和n=27 NH3/HC 3 N对子样本获得最准确的估计值，Delta V分别= 148+/-32_stat+/-13.6_sys m/s和115+/-37_stat+/-31_sys m/s。根据电子与质子质量比的变化来解释，这给出了Δ mu/mu =（4-14）10^{-8}，这比以前天文学对这个量的限制要敏感一个数量级。
英文摘要：
(Abridged) Radio-astronomical observations of molecular cores in lines of NH3 (J,K)=(1,1), CCS J_N=2_1-1_0, HC3N J=5-4, and N2H+ J=1-0 are used to measure the relative radial velocity offsets, Delta V, between the NH3 (1,1) and other molecular transitions. Robust statistical analysis is applied to the n=207 individual measurements in the Perseus molecular cloud (PC), the Pipe Nebula (PN), and the infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) to deduce the mean value of Delta V and its uncertainty. The measured values of Delta V from the PC, PN, and IRDCs show statistically significant positive velocity shifts between the line centers of NH3 and other molecules. The most accurate estimates are obtained from subsamples of the NH3/CCS pairs observed in the PC (n=21) and the PN (n=8), Delta V = 36+/-7_stat+/-13.5_sys} m/s and 53+/-11_stat+/-13.5_sys m/s, respectively, and from the n=36 NH3/N2H+ and n=27 NH3/HC3N pairs observed in the IRDCs, Delta V = 148+/-32_stat+/-13.6_sys m/s and 115+/-37_stat+/-31_sys m/s, respectively. Being interpreted in terms of the electron-to-proton mass ratio variation, this gives Delta mu/mu = (4-14)10^{-8}, which is an order of magnitude more sensitive than previous astronomical constraints on this quantity.
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