吉布斯悖论与相似原理
Gibbs Paradox and Similarity Principle
摘要：
由于没有观察到热效应和机械功，我们有一个简单的实验解决吉布斯悖论：在任何理想混合物的形成过程中，混合的热力学熵和吉布斯自由能变化都是零。信息丢失是这些自发过程的驱动力。信息被定义为压缩数据的量。由于动态运动和静态对称结构形成而导致的信息损失分别定义为两种熵--动态熵和静态熵。信息论有三个定律，其中第一和第二定律是两个热力学定律的类似物。然而，信息论的第三定律是不同的：对于完美对称的固体结构（例如，理想晶体），熵（固态的静态熵）S最大。更一般地，建立了相似性原则：在其他条件不变的情况下，组分间的相似性越高，混合物的熵值越大（对于流体相）或组合（对于静态结构或凝聚相系统）或任何其他结构（例如量子力学中的量子态）越稳定，混合物或集合体就越稳定，并且导致这种混合物或集合体或化学键的过程就越自发。
英文摘要：
As no heat effect and mechanical work are observed, we have a simple experimental resolution of the Gibbs paradox: both the thermodynamic entropy of mixing and the Gibbs free energy change are zero during the formation of any ideal mixtures. Information loss is the driving force of these spontaneous processes. Information is defined as the amount of the compressed data. Information losses due to dynamic motion and static symmetric structure formation are defined as two kinds of entropies - dynamic entropy and static entropy, respectively. There are three laws of information theory, where the first and the second laws are analogs of the two thermodynamic laws. However, the third law of information theory is different: for a solid structure of perfect symmetry (e.g., a perfect crystal), the entropy (static entropy for solid state) S is the maximum. More generally, a similarity principle is set up: if all the other conditions remain constant, the higher the similarity among the components is, the higher the value of entropy of the mixture (for fluid phases) or the assemblage (for a static structure or a system of condensed phases) or any other structure (such as quantum states in quantum mechanics) will be, the more stable the mixture or the assemblage will be, and the more spontaneous the process leading to such a mixture or an assemblage or a chemical bond will be.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
