逻辑不可逆性与热力学不可逆性的根本区别，或为何兰道尔结果不能成为物理原理
The fundamental difference between logical and thermodynamic irreversibilities, or, Why Landauer's result cannot be a physical principle
AI总结：
本文指出兰道尔“擦除1比特信息耗散至少Tln2热量”的结果不具普遍性，其源于逻辑与热力学不可逆性的混淆及不必要约束，澄清后可分离相关概念并为可逆擦除硬件实现铺路。
摘要：
兰道尔“原理”声称擦除1比特信息必然向环境耗散至少Tln2的热量，使可能的逻辑不可逆操作同时具有热力学不可逆性。该结果通常被视为确立信息与能量联系的基本物理原理。本文表明该结果不具普遍性：1）源于逻辑与热力学不可逆性、逻辑与热力学状态的混淆，类似经典吉布斯悖论中同种气体两体积合并的问题；2）源于对擦除过程施加的两个不必要约束。澄清这些问题可分离逻辑与热力学不可逆性概念，证明兰道尔结果并非普遍物理原理，并为擦除过程遵循热力学可逆或至少准静态路径的硬件实现开辟道路。
英文摘要：
Landauer's "principle" claims that erasing one bit of information necessarily dissipates at least Tln2 of heat into the surroundings, making a possibly logically irreversible operation also thermodynamically irreversible. It is commonly accepted that this result is a fundamental principle of physics that definitively establishes the link between information and energy. Here we show that this result cannot be general. In fact it comes: 1) from a confusion between logical and thermodynamic irreversibilities and between logical and thermodynamic states, which is reminiscent of the classic Gibbs' paradox about the joining of two volumes of the same gas; and 2) from two unnecessary constraints imposed on the erase procedure. Clarifying these points permits: to dissociate the notions of logical and thermodynamic irreversibilities; to invalidate Landauer's result as being a general physical principle; and to open the door to hardware implementations allowing erasure to follow a thermodynamically reversible, or at least quasistatic, path.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
